1. Topics in Internet Research
Energy-Efficient QoS-based routing protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks
FAWAZ SALEEM BOKHARI

2. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN)
Special network with large number of nodes equipped with processors, sensors and radios
Limited in power, computational capability and memory
Densely deployed
Infrastructure-less
Topology changes very frequently
Broadcast mode of communication
May not have global identification

3. Applications of WSN Weather Monitoring
Security and tactical surveillance
Disaster management
Military
Detecting ambient conditions
And a lot more …

4. Node

5. Protocol Stack

6. Physical Layer Data Link Layer
Simple and robust modulation
Transmission and receiving techniques
Data Link Layer
Medium Access Control
Power efficient
Collision avoidance

7. Network Layer Transport Layer
Takes care of routing the data provide by the transport layer
Transport Layer
Helps to maintain the flow of data if application layer requires it

8. Power Management Plane
Application Layer
Depending upon sensing task, different application can be built and used in application layer
Power Management Plane
Manages how a sensor node uses its power
Power level notification
Turing off the radio

9. Mobility Management Plane
Detects and registers the movement of sensor nodes, so a route back to user is always maintained
Knowing who the neighbor sensor nodes are
Task Management Plane
Balances and schedules the sensing tasks given to a specific region

10. MAC Layer Protocols
PAMAS
S-MAC
T-MAC
DMAC

11. Network Layer Protocols
Categories:
Flat routing
Hierarchical routing
Location-based routing
Classification depending upon the protocol operation:
Multi-path-based
Query-based
Negotiation-based
QoS-based

12. Network Structure based Protocols Flat Routing
Flooding
Gossiping
Sensor Protocols for Information via Negotiation (SPIN)
Directed diffusion

13. Network Structure based Protocols Hierarchical Routing
Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH)
Power-Efficient Gathering in Sensor Information Systems (PEGASIS)
Small Minimum Energy Communication Network (SMECN)

14. Network Structure based Protocols Location based Routing
Geographic and Energy Aware Routing (GEAR)

15. Proposal QoS-based routing: Sequential Assignment Routing (SAR)
Design an Energy-Efficient QoS-based routing protocol

16. Q & A