1. 1/24/2006EPAC1 Strategic Overview: Particle and Particle Astrophysics Persis S. Drell Deputy Director Director, Particle and Particle Astrophysics

2. 1/24/2006EPAC2 SLAC: A Lab in Transition  SLAC’s research vision is evolving dramatically. The balance and content of the scientific foci is changing in substantial ways  Photon science is rapidly expanding It will be the dominant laboratory program by the end of the decade. In 2009, the major accelerator-based facilities will both be primarily serving photon science  Particle Physics and Particle Astrophysics Will no longer have forefront accelerator based HEP program on site. Non-accelerator efforts will grow Will be serving user community at accelerator facilities that will be off site  e.g. ILC; other potential accelerator opportunities

3. 1/24/2006EPAC3 Photon Science Future  X-Rays have opened the Ultra-Small World -- Realm of SPEAR3 10 12 photons/sec from high brightness undulator 400 eV –40 KeV 50 ps pulse limited coherence at x-ray wavelengths  X-ray Lasers will open the Ultra-Small and Ultra-Fast Worlds –Realm of LCLS 10 12 photons/pulse 800 eV – 9 KeV 200 fs pulse at commissioning few * 10 fs within 1-2 years fully coherent at x-ray wavelengths

4. 1/24/2006EPAC4 Linac Coherent Light Source LCLS Will Be The World’s First X-ray Laser

5. 1/24/2006EPAC5 LCLS: Remarkable Opportunities for Discovery  Femtochemistry and Biology  Nanostructured Materials  Atomic Physics  Plasmas and Warm Dense Matter  Imaging of Nanoclusters and Single Biomolecules  X-ray Laser Physics

6. 1/24/2006EPAC6 Changes to Optimize Lab for its Future  New Laboratory Organization and Management Structure New structure is built around four new directorates -- Particle & Particle Astrophysics, Photon Science, LCLS Construction, and Operations.  Lab is better positioned to serve the two science focus areas  New structure stresses the importance of strong and effective line management at the laboratory

7. 1/24/2006EPAC7 Previous SLAC Organization

8. 1/24/2006EPAC8

9. 1/24/2006EPAC9

10. 1/24/2006EPAC10 An Exciting and Challenging Time in Field of Particle Physics  The Standard Model of quarks and leptons is fabulously successful---and fabulously incomplete It only describes ~5% of the Universe Compelling Questions confront us  Within this decade a new accelerator is coming on line with potential to make dramatic progress in our understanding LHC We are also developing the accelerator for discovery in the next decade: ILC  Non accelerator strategies essential components achieving our scientific goals  Long term health and future of the field of HEP relies on ILC Excellent progress towards international realization of such a machine---but not a certainty  Budgets are very constrained

11. 1/24/2006EPAC11 SLAC PPA Program: Exploiting the present and preparing for the future  Science now or soon B Factory (operations to 2008) GLAST (2007 – 2012/17) SLAC Participation in the LHC (2007 and beyond) Proof of principle experiments in accelerator research  R&D for science in the next decade (2010 and beyond) ILC (2016?) LSST (first light 2012??) JDEM (20??) EXO (2012?? if R&D successful)  R&D for farther future Accelerator Research  FFTB  SABER

12. 1/24/2006EPAC12 Programmatic Priorities  For the near term: We must focus on B-factory performance and delivery of science to our largest user community  For the mid term: We must continue in our leadership role for the ILC  Highest priority new facility for the world community We must complete GLAST construction and develop the ISOC  Deliver the science to the user community We must work to provide additional opportunities for science to the HEP user community in ~2012  e.g. LHC, LSST, EXO, JDEM,...  For the long term: The R&D in accelerator science is our hope for the future of the field  To make the next accelerator *after* the ILC technically feasible and affordable

13. 1/24/2006EPAC13 Near Term Program: Science Now or Soon  B-factory  GLAST  SLAC Participation in the LHC

14. 1/24/2006EPAC14 B-Factory Program  PEP-II Accelerator Collides e+ and e- with unequal beam energies at E CM =10.58 GeV Premier tool for studying physics of heavy flavor  BaBar Detector Optimized for B-physics at asymmetric energy collider Run by International Collaboration of ~623 physicists from 80 institutions in 11 countries  Program of Rich Physics  B-factory program operates until end of FY2008 Ultimate goal: Deliver to BaBar: ~1ab-1 end of FY2008 Laboratory committed to delivering luminosity Journal Papers BABARBelle <20033254 20033928 20045235 20056036 200612 Total184155

15. 1/24/2006EPAC15 Machine Performance

16. 1/24/2006EPAC16

17. 1/24/2006EPAC17

18. 1/24/2006EPAC18 GLAST  GLAST: -ray Large Area Space Telescope GLAST measures direction, energy and time of celestial gamma rays from 20MeV – 300 GeV  Gamma rays probe cosmological distances in a largely unexplored energy range  Great potential for Discoveries: Fundamental Physics (dark matter,..) Cosmic Particle Acceleration (SNR, jets,..) Physics of Relativistic Outflows (GRB’s, Pulsars,..) Joint Particle Physics/Particle Astrophysics venture  Involves 5 nations, 9 funding agencies  Fabrication project has been challenging! Project successfully rebaselined summer 03 after CNES withdrew financial support Transition to flight production much more painful than anticipated and production anomalies summer/fall led to second rebaseline winter 05

19. 1/24/2006EPAC19 LAT Instrument

20. 1/24/2006EPAC20 LAT Instrument Tracker/Converter (TKR): Silicon strip detectors. W conversion foils. 80 m 2 of silicon (total). 10 6 electronics chans. High precision tracking, small dead time. Calorimeter (CAL): 1536 CsI crystals. 8.5 radiation lengths. Hodoscopic. Shower profile reconstruction (leakage correction) Anti-Coincidence (ACD): Segmented (89 tiles). Self-veto @ high energy limited. 0.9997 detection efficiency (overall).

21. 1/24/2006EPAC21 ..\My Documents\My Pictures\16Tower_rotated.gif..\My Documents\My Pictures\16Tower_rotated.gif

22. 1/24/2006EPAC22 ACD Installed

23. 1/24/2006EPAC23 GLAST Moving Forward  Instrument is assembled and in final testing  Ship to NRL for environmental testing at end of February  Delivery to Observatory Integration in summer Mate with spacecraft and GBM and test  Launch 8/07 Kennedy Space Flight Center  Focus at SLAC transitioning to build up of ISOC and preparation for science

24. 1/24/2006EPAC24 SLAC Participationin LHC  Motivations: Energy frontier Physics. Synergy between LHC and ILC. Experience in detector and operations relevant for ILC. To maintain a healthy work force for ILC Strong user interest from traditional SLAC user community Our experience on detector/computing are seen as valuable assets which could help ATLAS to prepare for the first physics at LHC. The M&S cost is moderate and should be able to fit more flexibly into the Lab budget.  Good synergy with existing LARP participation  Strongly supported by our theory community

25. 1/24/2006EPAC25 Proposed Areas of Involvement  Specific proposal for SLAC participation in ATLAS developed under leadership of Su Dong and Charlie Young  Four related items: Pixel detector Trigger Simulation Tier 2 computing center  Simulation production  Calibration.  Primary location for physics analysis.  A really functional Tier 2 requires much more than keeping a bunch of boxes running.  Proposal for SLAC to join ATLAS is being presented to you at this meeting  Also considered CMS option

26. 1/24/2006EPAC26 Possible SLAC Physicist Profile

27. 1/24/2006EPAC27 R&D for science in the next decade: 2010 and beyond  ILC  LSST  JDEM  EXO

28. 1/24/2006EPAC28 ILC  High Energy e+e- LC highest priority new machine for world community SLAC has led field in development of LC design and technology  Champion of warm RF technology  How has the ‘cold’ technology choice impacted the lab? SLAC has always been committed to playing a leadership role in ILC independently of choice of RF technology SLAC has accelerator expertise in all subsystems of the collider R&D program now restructured to address critical issues for cold machine  SLAC fully supports GDE effort SLAC staff are co-leading 4 of the technical subgroups

29. 1/24/2006EPAC29 ILC Machine R&D activities  Restructured R&D program to align with the cold decision Accelerator Design and CDR  e+e- sources  Damping ring design  Beam Delivery System  Instrumentation and control systems All being done as part of the coordinated GDE effort  Some accelerator R&D may be directed for additional support e.g. L-band power sources  Goals for near term: End of CY05: Select baseline configuration design End of CY06: CDR  Goals longer term: CY08/09: TDR

30. 1/24/2006EPAC30 ILC Detector Program  Need to grow program of linear collider detector R&D SLAC is working with LBNL and FNAL to provide opportunities for user community to engage  Simulation Effort Supports national and international effort  Concept development for a detector based on Silicon One of several approaches in the community  Effort is investment limited—particularly engineering Opportunities to grow with GLAST roll off You will hear a report on the status at this meeting

31. 1/24/2006EPAC31 LSST-Large Synoptic Survey Telescope  8.4 m ground based telescope Wide field of view Weak lensing survey of entire sky Dark matter power density spectrum Constraints on Dark Energy  Proposed as joint DOE/NSF project SLAC lead lab on camera development First light ~2012  R&D effort growing with GLAST roll off  LSST proposal in front of you at this meeting * Dark matter and dark energy with weak lensing Full LSST survey will cover 20,000 square degrees, and resolve over 4 billion high-redshift (z ≤ 3) galaxies! * Dark matter and dark energy with supernovae LSST will detect 250,000 type I-a supernovae (z ≤ 1) per year! * Cluster survey and baryon oscillations. * Gravitational micro-lensing. * Strong galaxy & cluster lensing: physics of dark matter. * Multi-image lensed SN time delays: separate test of cosmology. * QSO time delays vs z: independent test of dark energy.

32. 1/24/2006EPAC32 The LSST Collaboration Brookhaven National Laboratory Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics Johns Hopkins University Las Cumbres Observatory Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory National Optical Astronomy Observatory Ohio State University Pennsylvania State University Research Corporation Stanford Linear Accelerator Center Stanford University University of Arizona University of California, Davis University of Illinois University of Pennsylvania University of Washington

33. 1/24/2006EPAC33 2m 3.2 Giga-Pixel 10  m CCD Array 3.5° FOV LSST Camera (shown with the secondary mirror of the telescope)

34. 1/24/2006EPAC34 JDEM/SNAP  2m space based telescope— LBNL lead lab  Study high z SNe  Dark Energy Weak Gravitational lensing  Dark Matter Strong Lensing  Small scale structure  Joint project DOE and NASA SLAC involvement in OCU and possibly electronics  R&D effort growing with GLAST roll off  Anticipate full proposal at next meeting

35. 1/24/2006EPAC35 EXO: Enriched Xenon Observatory  Search for  decay in 136 Xe--> 136 Ba ++ e - e -  EXO Philosophy Excellent energy resolution (separates 0 n from 2 n ) Positive ID Ba Ion (Ba tagging)  Strategy: Currently EXO 200 is being built  Study detector performance (no Ba+ tagging)  Look at backgrounds  Measure 2 mode with 1-2 year run  Sensitivity of ~0.2 eV to 0 mode Continue R&D on Ba tagging for next 2-3 years  In parallel with EXO 200 operations  Successful R&D would lead to proposal for full EXO (ton scale experiment) EXO goal: ~10’s of meV

36. 1/24/2006EPAC36 Strategic Elements of Accelerator Research  Accelerator Research for Future Machines High Gradient Studies for CLIC type machine Development of L-band power sources for ILC  Proof of Principle Studies of New Acceleration Mechanisms: Plasma Acceleration Laser Acceleration

37. 1/24/2006EPAC37 Accelerator Research for Future Machines  Accelerator Research for ILC We are developing plans for R&D effort into alternative sources of L-band power for ILC  Plug and play replacement to multi beam klystron at lower cost  More innovative technologies: high risk but high gain  High Gradient R&D for e+e- colliders past the ILC National program being encouraged by DOE Redirecting some of resources (people) from warm RF R&D to these efforts

38. 1/24/2006EPAC38 Proof of Principle Studies of New Acceleration Mechanisms  Accelerator Research E164/E164X running successfully (Plasma wake field acceleration)  Talk by Mark Hogan  Limited by finite lifetime of FFTB Laser acceleration experiment progressing in NLCTA  Demonstrate and develop new methods for accelerating electrons with laser radiation using solid-state structures  First runs this year e- ion column F = -eE z

39. 1/24/2006EPAC39 SABER  SABER (FFTB replacement) in proposal development White paper outlining science case and project description

40. 1/24/2006EPAC40 SABER Scientific Opportunities  Plasma Wakefield Acceleration and Beam-Plasma Physics Continuation of successful plasma acceleration program Extend to positrons  Magnetism and Solid State Physics Use intense E and B fields associated with the electron bunches Studies of ultra-fast magnetization dynamics  Intense THz Light Source for Surface Chemistry SABER can produce ultra-short pulse of coherent THz radiation Studies of dissociation of aligned molecules at a surface & other surface chemistry experiments  Laboratory Astrophysics Experiments Calibration of cosmic ray observational techniques Studies of dynamics of jet-plasma interactions  Inverse Compton Scattered Beam Photon energies to 18 GeV

41. 1/24/2006EPAC41 SABER Parameters EnergyAdjustable up to 30 GeV nominal. 28.5 GeV when the Bypass Line is used concurrently with PEP-II operation. Charge per pulse2 x 10 10 (3 nC) electrons or positrons per pulse. Pulse length at IP (σ z )30 μm Spot size at IP (σ x,y )10 μm nominal (5.2 x 5.4 μm achieved in computer simulations). Momentum spread4 % full width with full compression. Momentum dispersion at IP (η and η’) 0 Drift space available for experimental apparatus 2 m from last quadrupole to focal point. Approximately 23 m from focal point to Arc 3 magnets. This space will be available for experimental use and for the dump line system, depending on user requirements. Further expansion is possible by removing unused arc magnets downstream.

42. 1/24/2006EPAC42 Looking Forward

43. 1/24/2006EPAC43 Vision for HEP at SLAC  Highest priority is given to B-factory operations through FY2008 Delivery of science to our largest user community  Other program elements ILC/LCD  We hope resources saved to HEP by transfer of responsibility of accelerator operations to BES and eventual termination of B-factory program will be used to help build up national ILC R&D program  New and other reprogrammed resources will also be essential  We will compete through GDE process for some of those resources  We anticipate an aggressive growth model for ILC program at SLAC This must be matched by aggressive growth in the national program

44. 1/24/2006EPAC44 Vision for HEP at SLAC  Other program elements (cont.) Non-accelerator based programs will grow SLAC Participation in LHC We will continue at roughly constant level:  Accelerator R&D  Theory

45. 1/24/2006EPAC45 PPA Goals for 2009  Vibrant particle physics and particle astrophysics programs ILC LHC GLAST and BaBar data Non-Accelerator Experiments (LSST, EXO, SNAP…)  Strong support for operating accelerator program (LCLS) transferred to photon science management  Thriving cross disciplinary programs Accelerator Research Scientific Computing  Strategic decisions now are focused on achieving these goals

46. 1/24/2006EPAC46 Summary  Enormous opportunities for world class science at SLAC  SLAC’s programs and leadership central to national and international effort  Programs are science driven, innovative, flexible and responsive to scientific drivers