1. Microbiology Primer YSU – Weapons of Mass Destruction

2. Historical Biogenesis vs. Spontaneous Generation 19 th Century – Golden Age Germ Theory Pasteur Koch Lister

3. Classification Animalia Plantae Fungi Protista Monera

4. Comparison Eucaryotic –Nuclear Membrane –Diploid DNA –Mitosis –Organelles Present –Simple Cell Wall Procaryotic –No Nuclear Membrane –Haploid –No Mitosis –Organelles Absent –Complex Cell Membr.

5. Procaryotic Organism

6. Bacteria 0.5-6  m (human hair is about 90  m) Simple Stapylococcus is 1.2  m Shape –Coccus –Bacillus –Spirillum –Spirochete

7. Useful Bacteria Acetobacter – vinegar Lactobacilli – yogurt, cheese Actinomyces – antibiotics Others –Industrial alcohols, acids, enzymes, rubber and plastics

8. Pathogenic Bacteria Grp A Strep B. pertussis S. aureus H. influenza Kl. pneumoniae L. pneumophila M. pneumoniae Salmonella typhi Plague Cholera Typhus Anthrax Q-Fever Clostridium Tularemia Glanders

9. Bacteria Group Patterns Cell Membrane –Gram Positive –Gram Negative

10. Bacteria Endospores Significance –Sporulation is important in Bacillus & Clostridium species. –Botulism disease –B. anthracis

11. Bacteria Reproduction Binary fission Daughter cells Population doubles each generation Phase (important in disease) –Lag –Exponential –Stationary –Death Day 1 Day 3 Day 5 Day 7

12. Similar Organisms Rickettsiae –Gram negative –Difficult to stain –Grow in living cells –Treatable with antibiotics –Q-Fever –Rocky Mt. Fever

13. Viruses Orthopox vaccinia Modern antibiotics cannot “kill” viruses. In fact, questions still exist as to whether viruses are actually “alive”.

14. Viruses Name that virus....

15. Viruses Submicroscopic 0.02 - 0.3  m Either DNA or RNA Glycoprotein envelope Obligate parasite Rhinovirus 14

16. Viral Reproduction - RNA Replicates in cytoplasm Capsid dissolves RNA acts as messenger Cell systems harnessed for replication Poliovirus at 350K magnification

17. Animal Cell

18. Prions BSE – 1986, also classified as a transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. vCJD These are, in fact, incomplete shreds of protein whose origin are unknown. They can insert themselves into the genetic code of healthy cells.

19. Other Organisms Amoeba Flagellates Protozoans (dinoflagellates) – paralytic shellfish poisoning Plasmodium (malaria)

20. Nutritional Patterns Saprophytic –Live on dead organic material Holozoic –Ingest solid food Parasitic –Nutrients at expense of host Obligate Parasite –Requires host for specific function

21. Fungi Saprophytic Some produce mycotoxins Coccidioides imitis Histoplasmosis Crypotcoccus neoformans

22. Identification – Why is it difficult to monitor for bioterror real time? Culture Gram Stain Direct Mount Enzymatic Identification Microscopy –PCM, Bright Light, Fluorescence PCR

23. Biological Toxins S – Enterotoxin B Botulinum toxin Mycotoxin (Tricothecene or T2)