1. Nutrient Management Workbook 2009 Jon Rausch, Amanda Meddles & Robert Mullen Ohio State University Extension

2. Objective Development a nutrient management plan for each field of the farming operation.  Focus on those utilizing animal manure. Take Home:  General understanding of this Nutrient Management Workbook  Steps toward and approved Nutrient Management Plan

3. Outline Identify available soil resources. Identify manure nutrients available. Identify the nutrient needs of growing crop. Identify sources of nutrients available for that crop. Allocate and balance available nutrients by field. Estimate nutrient carry-over, if any, and the value of that carry- over. Identify spreadable acres available for manure application. Estimate number of acres needed to recycle manure nutrients generated by your operation. Identify steps toward an approved plan.

4. Heritage Lane Farms 2009

6. Example Farm Page 1 Throughout this presentation an example is provided based on a farm that is currently operating a 1,000 head swine grow-finish barn. The farm has 200 cropping acres. This farm has a rotation of corn, soybeans and wheat and fertilizes his fields with manure from the swine operation. This is supplemented with commercial fertilizer when necessary. The field used throughout this book as an example is Brown 1 or B1. It is 30 acres and will be planted in corn. The previous crop was soybeans. Examples based on this scenario can be found in different sections throughout the presentation in gray boxes like this one.

7. Soils/Field Data OSU Fact Sheet: Soil Sampling, Handling & Testing Field Plan EXAMPLE A Field Information ac Meq/100g Brown 160 bu/ac 30 2030 250 ppm Corn B1 Silt Loam Soybeans lb/ac lb/ac ppm

8. Soil Test-Preferred

9. Yield response likely Yield response NOT likely Increasing 

10. Soil Test Critical Values K at CEC P5102030 Crop ppm (lb/acre) ppm (lb/acre) Corn 15 (30) 88 (175) 100 (200) 125 (250) 150 (300) Soybean 15 (30) 88 (175) 100 (200) 125 (250) 150 (300) Wheat 25 (50) 88 (175) 100 (200) 125 (250) 150 (300)

11. No Soil Test Page 2 Assumes maintenance level Nutrientpp m lb/ac P 2 O 5 - Corn and soybeans 1530 P 2 O 5 - wheat and alfalfa 2550 K 2 O- all crops 125250 Nutrientpp m lb/ac P 2 O 5 - Corn and soybeans 1530 P 2 O 5 - wheat and alfalfa 2550 K 2 O- all crops 125250 Nutrientpp m lb/ac P 2 O 5 - Corn and soybeans 1530 P 2 O 5 - wheat and alfalfa 2550 K 2 O- all crops 125250 Nutrientpp m lb/ac P 2 O 5 - Corn and soybeans 1530 P 2 O 5 - wheat and alfalfa 2550 K 2 O- all crops 125250 Nutrientpp m lb/ac P 2 O 5 - Corn and soybeans 1530 P 2 O 5 - wheat and alfalfa 2550 K 2 O- all crops 125250 Nutrientpp m lb/ac P 2 O 5 - Corn and soybeans 1530 P 2 O 5 - wheat and alfalfa 2550 K 2 O- all crops 125250 Nutrient ppmlb/ac P 2 O 5 - Corn and soybeans 1530 P 2 O 5 - wheat and alfalfa 2550 K 2 O- all crops125250

12. Winter application see page 17 Example Farm 42 30 13.86 Grow-Finish

13. Manure Test-Preferred 1414

14. Example This swine example uses book values, due to a lack of manure test results, from Table 1 Grow- Finish deep pit of 33 lb/1,000 gal of NH3-N, 17 lb/1,000 gal of Organic N (ON), 42 lb/1,000 gal of P2O5 and 30 lb/1,000 gal of K2O which will be applied in September and incorporated within 1 day. PAN: (17 x.33) + (33 x.25) = 13.86 lb/1,000 gal P2O5: 42 lb/1,000 gal K2O: 30 lb/1,000 gal PAN is Plant Available Nitrogen. This is the amount of Nitrogen available to the crop based on time of application and method of application. Manure Nutrients Page 3

15. Page 3-4

16. Time of Year page 5

17. Calculating PAN- Example Farm PAN worksheet top of page 3 36.31825%33%11.7 16% diff. Test 1 3317 13.86

18. Winter (Frozen & Snow Covered) application see page 17 Example Farm 42 30 13.86 Grow-Finish

19. Example Nutrient Worksheet ton/ac gal/ac D Starter Fertilizer Applied J Years to Next Nutrient Application Additional Nutrients Needed E Manure Application Rate F G Manure Nutrients Applied I Crop Nutrient Balance Additional Nutrients Applied H Crop Nutrient Needs C

20. Example Farm Page 5 Example A dairy farmer expects 160 bu/ac of grain corn in field B1. The previous crop was soybeans. Nutrient recommendations without soil test values are: PAN: 160 lb/ac P2O5: 60 lb/ac K2O: 65 lb/ac

21. Corn Silage use 1T/ac = 6 bu/ac; 160 bu/ac = 26.6 T/ac silage Page 6

22. Page 6-8 Yield Potential– bu/ac Soil Test100120140160180 ppm (lb/ac)lb P 2 O 5 per acre 5 (10) 1 8595100110115 10 (20)6070758590 15-30 (30-60) 2 3545506065 35 (70)20 253035 40 (80)00000 P 2 O 5 Recommendation

23. Page 8-10 Table 12: Corn K 2 O Recommendations at CEC level 20 meq/100g Yield Potential– bu/acre Soil test K100120140160180 ppm (lb/ac)lb K 2 O per acre 50 (100) 1 195200210215220 75 (150)145150160165170 100(200)95100110115120 125-155 (250-310) 2 4550606570 165 (330)25 3035 175 (350)00000 1 Values in parentheses are lb/ac. 2 Maintenance recommendations are given for this soils test range.

24. Example Nutrient Worksheet ton/ac gal/ac D Starter Fertilizer Applied J Years to Next Nutrient Application Additional Nutrients Needed E Manure Application Rate F G Manure Nutrients Applied I Crop Nutrient Balance Additional Nutrients Applied H Crop Nutrient Needs C 160 60 65

25. Example - Liquid Fertilizer (used in this example) 5 gal/ac of 10-34-0 are applied at planting. The fertilizer contains 10% PAN, 34% P 2 O 5, and 0% K 2 O. The application rate is 5 gal/ac x 11.7 lb/gal = 58.5 lb/ac. PAN: 58.5 lb/ac x 10% = 6 P 2 O 5 : 58.5 lb/ac x 34% = 20 K 2 O: 58.5 lb/ac x 0% = 0 Example - Dry Fertilizer Diammonium phosphate has a blend of (18-46-0) applied at 150 lb/ac. The fertilizer contains 18% PAN, 46% P 2 O 5 and 0% K 2 O. PAN:150 lb/ac x 18% = 27 lb/ac P 2 O 5 :150 lb/ac x 46% = 69 lb/ac or 14 lbs/ac K 2 O: 150 lb/ac x 0% = 0 lb/ac

26. Example Nutrient Worksheet ton/ac gal/ac D Starter Fertilizer Applied J Years to Next Nutrient Application Additional Nutrients Needed E Manure Application Rate F G Manure Nutrients Applied I Crop Nutrient Balance Additional Nutrients Applied H Crop Nutrient Needs C 160 60 65 -6 -20 -0

27. Example Nutrient Worksheet ton/ac gal/ac D Starter Fertilizer Applied J Years to Next Nutrient Application Additional Nutrients Needed E Manure Application Rate F G Manure Nutrients Applied I Crop Nutrient Balance Additional Nutrients Applied H Crop Nutrient Needs C 160 60 65 -6 -20 -0 154 40 65

28. Page 12 See also: NRCS-633, Table 4, page 13 Example The swine farmer decides to base his application rate on the nitrogen need of the corn crop. Field B1 needs 154 lb/ac of PAN (from E: Additional Nutrients Needed) and the manure has a value of 13.86 lb/1000 gal or 0.01386 lb/gal. PAN Application Rate = 154 lb/ac / 0.01386 lb/gal = 11,111 gal/ac If he chose to use P2O5: 40 lb/ac / 0.042 lb/gal = 952 gal/ac If he chose to use K2O: 65 lb/ac / 0.030 lb/gal = 2,167 gal/ac

29. Manure Nutrients Applied Nutrient Applied (lb/ac) Application rate (lb/1000 gal) 11,1119522,167 N (13.86 lb/1000) 1541330 P 2 O 5 (42lb/1000) 4674091 K 2 O (30 lb/1000) 3332965

30. Determining Application Rate “P” Soil Test LevelApplication Criteria Bray-Kurtz P1 < 80 Lbs/Ac LOW POTENTIALN rate or P 2 O 5. Bray-Kurtz P1 80 – 200 Lbs/Ac MODERATE POTENTAL N rate or P 2 O 5 removal for rotation, whichever is less. Bray-Kurtz P1 200-300 Lbs/Ac HIGH POTENTIAL N rate or P 2 O 5 removal for rotation, whichever is less PLUS additional setback criteria from drainageway/water source/concentrated flow areas and/or other environmentally sensitive areas. Bray-Kurtz P1 > 300 Lbs/Ac VERY HIGH POTENTIALNo additional P 2 O 5 – Use P 2 O 5 Draw-down Strategies

31. Manure Nutrients Applied Page 13 Example Manure Nutrient Values for field B1 are 13.86 lb/1000 gal of PAN, 42 lb/1000 gal P2O5, and 30 lb/1000 of K2O. Dividing these by 1000 to achieve lb/gal or a PAN of 0.01386 lb/gal, P2O5 of 0.042 lb/gal, and K2O of 0.030 lb/gal. The application rate calculated previously is 11,111 gal/ac but 7,000 gal/ac was applied to monitor the rate of P2O5. PAN: 0.01386 lb/gal x 7,000 gal/ac = 97 lb/ac P2O5: 0.042 lb/gal x 7,000 gal/ac = 294 lb/ac K2O: 0.030 lb/gal x 7,000 gal/ac = 210 lb/ac

32. Example Nutrient Worksheet ton/ac gal/ac D Starter Fertilizer Applied J Years to Next Nutrient Application Additional Nutrients Needed E Manure Application Rate F G Manure Nutrients Applied I Crop Nutrient Balance Additional Nutrients Applied H Crop Nutrient Needs C 160 60 65 -6 -20 -0 154 40 65 7,000 -97 -294 -210

33. Additional Nutrients Page 13 PSNT: Pre Side-dress Nitrogen Test Applicable for fields with history of manure application Designed to capture ON cycling Sample just prior to side-dress N application Indicator of NO 3 -N + NH 4 -N available 30 ppm sufficient PAN, low probability of yield response with additional N 0 – 30 ppm, higher probability of yield response with additional N

34. Example Nutrient Worksheet ton/ac gal/ac D Starter Fertilizer Applied J Years to Next Nutrient Application Additional Nutrients Needed E Manure Application Rate F G Manure Nutrients Applied I Crop Nutrient Balance Additional Nutrients Applied H Crop Nutrient Needs C 160 60 65 -6 -20 -0 154 40 65 7,000 -97 -294 -210 0 0 0

35. Example Nutrient Worksheet ton/ac gal/ac D Starter Fertilizer Applied J Years to Next Nutrient Application Additional Nutrients Needed E Manure Application Rate F G Manure Nutrients Applied I Crop Nutrient Balance Additional Nutrients Applied H Crop Nutrient Needs C 160 60 65 -6 -20 -0 154 40 65 7,000 -97 -294 -210 0 0 0 57 -254 -145

36. Nutrient Worksheet Page 14 Example: Remaining Nutrients for P 2 O 5 : 254 / 60 = 4.2 Remaining Nutrients for K 2 O: 145 / 65 = 2.2

37. Nutrient Carry-over Apply based on N needs of crop when applicable and P for rotation. 4.2 year carry-over means the need for more P is not likely for 3-4 years, but dependant upon crop rotation and soil test level.

38. Example Nutrient Worksheet ton/ac gal/ac D Starter Fertilizer Applied J Years to Next Nutrient Application Additional Nutrients Needed E Manure Application Rate F G Manure Nutrients Applied I Crop Nutrient Balance Additional Nutrients Applied H Crop Nutrient Needs C 160 60 65 -6 -20 -0 154 40 65 7,000 -97 -294 -210 0 0 0 57 -254 -145 4.2 2.2

39. Nutrient Worksheet K Spreadable Acreage (field sketch on back) L Value of Excess Nutrients Applied M Manure Storage Management Volume Applied =Volume Remaining =

40. Backside of worksheet

41. Common Set-backs Page 15

42. Nutrient Worksheet K Spreadable Acreage (field sketch on back) L Value of Excess Nutrients Applied M Manure Storage Management Volume Applied =Volume Remaining = 28.9

43. Example I: Crop Nutrient Balance shows a negative number for P 2 O 5 and K 2 O which means there is an over application of those nutrients. There is an excess of 212 lb/ac of P 2 O 5 and 79 lb/ac of K 2 O. The current market prices for fertilizer are: N= $0.89/lbP2O5= $1.35/lbK 2 O= $1.10/lb P2O5: 254 lb/ac x $1.35/lb x 28.9 ac = $9,909.81 K2O: 145 lb/ac x $1.10/lb x 28.9 ac = $4,609.55 Total dollars in excess nutrients applied to field B1 equals $14,519.36 Page 18 Fertilizer value used June ‘09: Urea = $420/ton = $0.46/lb N DAP $500/ton = $0.37/lb P2O5 Potash $770/ton = $0.65/lb K2O $2,716 $2,724 $5,440

44. Nutrient Worksheet K Spreadable Acreage (field sketch on back) L Value of Excess Nutrients Applied M Manure Storage Management Volume Applied =Volume Remaining = 28.9 $14,519.36$5,440

45. Page 19 Example A farmer has 1,000 head in his grow-finish barn excreting 1.2 gallons of manure/hog/day. 1,000 hogs x 1.2 gal/day x 365 days = 438,000 gal/yr This example assumes 365 day/year one-time clean out. You will need to fine-tune this to accurately reflect your situation.

46. Page 20

47. Manure Production Grow-finish 438,000 gal 1.2 lb/day1,000 365 438,000 gal/yr Does not include bedding or other additions to storage

48. Manure Storage Management– Example for Section M on page 22 Year 1Annual Prod. 438,000 gal DateFieldVolume AppliedRemaining Year 1B1202,300 gal235,667 gal Year 2Annual Prod. 438,000 gal DateFieldVolume AppliedRemaining Year 2B1No appl. Year 3Annual Prod. 438,000 gal DateFieldVolume AppliedRemaining Year 2B1No appl. Year 4Annual Prod. 438,000 gal DateFieldVolume AppliedRemaining Year 1B1202,300 gal235,667 gal

49. Total Nutrients Available 438,000 gal available  = $ 15,489 (PAN, P 2 O 5, K 2 O) Total PAN = 438 * 13.86 = 3,071 lb  3,071 lb / 160 lb/ac = 19 ac  3,071 lb * $0.46/lb = $141 Total P 2 O 5 = 438 * 42 = 18,396 lb  18,396 lb/ 60 lb/ac = 306 ac  18,396 lb * $0.37/lb =$6,807 Total K 2 O = 438 * 30 = 13,140 lb  13,140 lb / 65 lb/ac = 202 ac  13,140 lb * $0.65/lb = $8,541

50. Manure Application Records Field record book  Emergency contact information  Spill response information  Equipment information  Detailed ‘day-of-application’ information  Winter application guidelines

51. Break  Pick up pencil + calculator

52. Corn Silage Example Change planned crop to Corn Silage (26 T/ac) following Grain Corn (160 bu/ac) Application (April-June) with direct inject/incorporate.

53. Corn Silage use 1T/ac = 6 bu/ac; 160 bu/ac = 26.6 T/ac silage Page 6

54. Corn Silage (26 T/ac) Yield Potential– tons/acre Soil Test2022242628 ppm (lb/ac)lb P 2 O 5 per acre 5 (10) 1 115125130135140 10 (20)90100105110115 15-30 (30-60) 2 6575808590 35 (70)3540 45 40 (80)00000 Page 8

55. Corn Silage (26 T/ac) Table 16: Corn Silage K 2 O Recommendations at CEC level 20 meq/100g Yield Potential– tons/acre Soil test K2022242628 ppm (lb/ac)lb K 2 O per acre 50 (100) 1 300 75 (150)280295300 100(200)230245260280295 125 (250) 2 180195210230245 145 (290)110120125135145 165 (330)3540 4550 175 (350)00000 1 Values in parentheses are lb/ac. 2 Maintenance recommendations are given for this soils test range. Page 10

56. Time of Year page 5

57. Calculating PAN- Example Farm PAN worksheet top of page 3 331775%33%30.36 April/June

58. Heritage Lane Farms Grow-finish 30 30.36 42

59. ton/ac gal/ac 190 85 230 -6 -20 0 184 65 230 7,000 -213-294-210 -29-22920 000 Heritage Lane Farms 2.7 0 E Manure Application Rate F G Manure Nutrients Applied I Crop Nutrient Balance* Additional Nutrients Applied H C Crop Nutrient Needs D Starter Fertilizer Applied J Years to Next Nutrient Application Additional Nutrients Needed

60. Manure Value Change What is the per acre change in manure nutrient value when the application period changes from Sept-Oct to April-June? Only PAN changed.  13.86 lb/1,000 gal (Sept-Oct)  30.36 lb/1,000 gal (April-June) 30.36 – 13.86 = 16.5 lb/1,000 gal Price of N = $0.65/unit of N  16.5 units * $0.65 = $10.73/1,000 gal  $53.65 - $75.11 / acre (5 - 7k gal/ac)

61. Summary Balanced nutrient inputs to match crop nutrient needs + soil resources(?)  Soil test is necessary for full utilization of nutrient inputs. Application of nutrients beyond crop needs and soil carrying capacity increases risk of nutrient moving off-site.  Economic loss ($$$)  When, where, how and how much are important questions to ask.

62. Summary Nutrient sampling/testing is necessary to “fine-tune” a nutrient management program.  Testing provides you a tool to make an “educated guess.” Nutrient management workbook used as a tool to:  Verify current nutrient management practices.  Identify more efficiently uses of on-farm nutrients.  others

63. Questions Amanda Meddles, meddles.14@osu.edu, 614-292-6625 meddles.14@osu.edu Jon Rausch, rausch.7@osu.edurausch.7@osu.edu, 614-292-4504 http://oema.osu.edu