1. 1 Hawaii Strategic Highway Safety Plan: AGGRESSIVE DRIVING Dan Galanis Injury Prevention and Control Program Hawaii Department of Health 1250 Punchbowl St., Room 214 Honolulu, HI 96813 Ph: 586-5943 E-mail: daniel.galanis@doh.hawaii.gov

2. 2 Overview of presentation Fatal traffic crashes (FARS data) –Definitions –Overall prevalence Trends, county comparisons –Other factors Time, day of week, driver age Driver profiles Non-fatal traffic crashes (MVAR/DOT crash data) –Definitions –Overall prevalence Trends, county comparisons –Other factors Driver profiles

3. 3 Fatal crashes Fatal crash/FARS data –Traffic only, i.e. crashes on public roads Excludes crashes in parking lots, driveways, military facilities, gated sub- divisions, etc. –Unintentional in nature Excludes suicides (1 crash), deaths of undetermined intent (7 crashes, 1% of total) –Excludes 37 crashes (6%) that did not involve a Hawaii resident fatality Definitions: Aggressive driving: 44% of crashes (250 of 574) –Speeding (“driving too fast for conditions or in excess of posted maximum”): 237 crashes Most common criterion : includes 95% of the crashes that were defined as “aggressive” –Racing: 6 crashes –Following improperly, or improper/erratic lane changing: 5 crashes –Passing violations: 16 crashes –Reckless/erratic driving: 4 crashes

4. 4 Fatal traffic crashes in Hawaii, 2001-2005: Proportion related to aggressive driving, by type of crash

5. 5 Fatal traffic crashes in Hawaii, 2001-2005: Trends in the proportion related to aggressive driving *indicates statistically significant trend

6. 6 Fatal traffic crashes in Hawaii, 2001-2005: Crashes related to aggressive driving by time of day and day of week

7. 7 Fatal traffic crashes in Hawaii, 2001-2005: Prevalence of aggressive drivers, by age group

8. 8 Aggressive driving in Hawaii, 2001-2005 Total impact –57 residents killed by in traffic crashes related to aggressive driving each year Crashes involving aggressive drivers are the 4 th leading cause of death for 16 to 40 year-old residents –11.5% of the total of 1,719 –Cancer is 1 st (14%), suicide 2 nd (13%), heart disease 3 rd (12%) Crashes involving aggressive drivers are the 4 th leading cause of fatal injuries for all ages –10% of the total of 2,915

9. 9 Characteristics of drivers involved in fatal crashes in Hawaii, 2001-2005 *indicates statistically significant difference between aggressive drivers and other drivers Aggressive driversNo aggressive driving Age average30.3 years*41.9 years ages 15 to 29 years59%*228% Gender (% male)89%*74% Restraint use (% without seat belts)48%*16% No helmet (motorcycle/moped)53%*77% Licensing problem (none, expired, etc.) 14%*8% Alcohol use48%*18% Drug positive23%*14% Impaired driver61%*26% Fatality rate64%*33% Weekend crash (Saturday-Sunday)40%*30% Nighttime crash (8 pm - 4 am)60%*41%

10. 10 Non-fatal crashes Motor vehicle accident report (MVAR) –Criteria Any crash resulting in injury, or >$3000 cumulative property damage –Traffic only, i.e. crashes on public roads Excludes crashes in parking lots, driveways, military facilities, gated sub- divisions, etc. –Includes residents and non-residents, intentional and unintentional Definitions: Aggressive driving –Value for in “Other factors” field: “excessive speed”: 65% of aggressive drivers “followed too close”: 31% “improper overtaking”: 4% –Search of “Citation” field for “291C-101/102/103/104/105”, “speed”, “reckless”, “291-2”, “291C-42/43/45/50” Only 0.6% of aggressive drivers (53 citations)

11. 11 Non-fatal traffic crashes in Hawaii, 2001-2005: Proportion related to aggressive driving, by type

12. 12 Non-fatal traffic crashes in Hawaii, 2001-2005: Trends in the proportion related to aggressive driving, by county *denotes statistically significant trend over 5-year period

13. 13 Non-fatal traffic crashes in Hawaii, 2001-2005: Prevalence of aggressive driving, by age group of drivers

14. 14 Characteristics of drivers involved in non-fatal crashes in Hawaii, 2001-2005 *indicates statistically significant difference between aggressive drivers and other drivers Aggressive drivers Other drivers Age average31.9 years*39.0 years ages 15 to 22 years36%*19% Gender (% male)74%*63% Restraint use (% without seat belts)6%*3% No helmet (motorcycle/moped)61%*71% Alcohol use10%*3% Drug positive0.3%*0.1% Impaired driver10%*3% Injured/possibly injured36%*31% Weekend crash (Saturday-Sunday)31%*27% Nighttime crash (8 pm - 5 am)36%*23%

15. 15 How much? *44% fatal crashes related to aggressive driving *17% of non-fatal crashes related to aggressive driving Who? *Younger drivers (15-17 years, 18-20 years, etc.) *More likely among male drivers Where? *Generally comparable across counties for fatal crashes, but more prevalent for Neighbor Islands for non-fatal crashes *Increasing trend for fatal crashes for state When? *Nighttime crashes (8pm-5am): 53% *Weekend crashes (Sat/Sun): 52% Data summary for aggressive driving