1. Advanced Visualization Techniques
Chapter 11
Advanced Visualization
Techniques

2. Objectives Increase your visualization skills
Move seamlessly between 2-D and 3-D representations of objects
Use basic strategies for visualizing complex objects

3. Introduction
Well-developed graphics and visualization skills necessary for communication
Without them, only superficial discussions about basics are possible

4. Basic Concepts and Terminology in Visualization
TABLE Basic Surface Types for Objects

5. Basic Concepts and Terminology in Visualization (cont’d.)
FIGURE Various orientations for curved surfaces.

6. Basic Concepts and Terminology in Visualization (cont’d.)
FIGURE An object with an L-shaped inclined horizontal surface.

7. Basic Concepts and Terminology in Visualization (cont’d.)
FIGURE Height, width, and depth measurements maintained between views.

8. Basic Concepts and Terminology in Visualization (cont’d.)
FIGURE An apparent change in the angle at vertex X for oblique surface A.

9. The Possibilities for a Feature Representation
FIGURE The top view of an object.
FIGURE Possible objects from a given top view.

10. The Possibilities for a Feature Representation (cont’d.)
FIGURE The top view of
an object.
FIGURE Possible objects based on the top view given.

11. Other Viewpoints
FIGURE A coded plan and four corner views from above.

12. Other Viewpoints (cont’d.)
FIGURE Cube diagonals for bird’s-eye (a) and worm’s-eye (b) views.

13. Advanced Visualization Techniques
Visualization with basic concepts
FIGURE The width dimension of an inclined surface.
FIGURE The height dimension
of an inclined surface.
FIGURE Top and front views, with three possible side views.

14. Strategy for a Holistic Approach to Constructing Pictorials from Multiview Drawings
Objects you devise must be solid
Cannot have a single, infinitely thin plane
Cannot have two objects that are next to each other in the result
Pick one view as the “base” and work from there until all views match the object

15. Strategy for a Holistic Approach to Constructing Pictorials from Multiview Drawings (cont’d.)
FIGURE The front and
right-side views of an object.
FIGURE Three possible solutions when the rectangular area in Figure is a normal surface.

16. Strategy for a Holistic Approach to Constructing Pictorials from Multiview Drawings (cont’d.)
FIGURE Possible curved surfaces for an object.

17. Strategy for a Holistic Approach to Constructing Pictorials from Multiview Drawings (cont’d.)
FIGURE Two possible curved surfaces for the object.
FIGURE Possible correct solutions for the object.

18. Strategy for Constructing Pictorials by Inverse Tracking of Edges and Vertices
Inverse tracking with edges and vertices for normal surfaces
Step 1: Define location and directions of a coordinate system consistent in all views
Step 2: Define anchor point on object
Step 3: Mark limits of foundation volume
Step 4: Locate vertex or edge adjacent to anchor point and draw that edge

19. Strategy for Constructing Pictorials by Inverse Tracking of Edges and Vertices (cont’d.)
Inverse tracking with edges and vertices for normal surfaces (cont’d.)
Step 5: Successively locate other vertices and edges and draw those edges
Step 6: Convert hidden lines
Step 7: Add internal features
Step 8: Check model validity

20. Strategy for Constructing Pictorials by Inverse Tracking of Edges and Vertices (cont’d.)
Inverse tracking with edges and vertices for inclined surfaces
Inverse tracking with edges and vertices for oblique surfaces and hidden features

21. Inverse Tracking with Edges and Vertices for Curved Surfaces
FIGURE It is desired
To create an isometric pictorial
of the object shown in this
multiview drawing.

22. Inverse Tracking with Edges and Vertices for Curved Surfaces (cont’d.)
FIGURE Coordinate axes and viewing directions are defined on an isometric grid. An anchor point, A, is selected, and the foundation space is created.

23. Inverse Tracking with Edges and Vertices for Curved Surfaces (cont’d.)
FIGURE Create a rough
frame by using linear edges
instead of curved edges. Use
point and edge tracking to create
these edges on the pictorial.

24. Inverse Tracking with Edges and Vertices for Curved Surfaces (cont’d.)
FIGURE Add the circular
edges using elliptical segments
in the pictorial.

25. Inverse Tracking with Edges and Vertices for Curved Surfaces (cont’d.)
FIGURE Add the optical
limits of the curved surfaces,
seen as lines tangent to the
curved edge. Remove portions
of edges that are hidden by the
curved surfaces.

26. Strategy for Constructing Pictorials by Inverse Tracking of Surfaces
FIGURE It is desired to create an isometric pictorial of the object shown in this multiview drawing.

27. Strategy for Constructing Pictorials by Inverse Tracking of Surfaces (cont’d.)
FIGURE Viewing
directions are defined on an
isometric grid. The foundation
space is created, and an anchor surface is selected.

28. Strategy for Constructing Pictorials by Inverse Tracking of Surfaces (cont’d.)
FIGURE Begin the
process of locating each surface.
Note that in this case, a surface
in the right-side view is partially
obscured in that view.

29. Strategy for Constructing Pictorials by Inverse Tracking of Surfaces (cont’d.)
FIGURE When all surface
loops in the orthogonal views
are accounted for, the pictorial
should be complete. Remove
hidden edges or show them as
hidden lines.

30. Strategy for Improving Spatial Skills through Imagining Successive Cuts to Objects
FIGURE Front and side
views of a basic L-shaped object.
FIGURE A multiview drawing of an L-shaped object, with a sketched top view and isometric pictorial.

31. Strategy for Improving Spatial Skills through Imagining Successive Cuts to Objects (cont’d.)
FIGURE Front and side views of an object with the upper-right portion removed.
FIGURE A sketched isometric pictorial with a sketched and shaded cutting block shown.

32. Strategy for Improving Spatial Skills through Imagining Successive Cuts to Objects (cont’d.)
FIGURE Front and side views of an object with an oblique cut.

33. Strategy for Improving Spatial Skills through Imagining Successive Cuts to Objects (cont’d.)
FIGURE The intersection of the oblique surface cutting block on the original object is shown in the isometric sketch.
FIGURE A multiview drawing with a sketched top view of the original object with the oblique cut.

34. Summary
Learned that ability to visualize objects in three dimensions is a key skill for design
Emphasized that you can develop visualization skills only through practice
Discussed basic rules to re-create a pictorial view of an object in a step-by-step process