1. Measurement of R at CLEO - Jim Libby1 Measurement of R at CLEO Jim Libby University of Oxford

2. Measurement of R at CLEO - Jim Libby 2 Outline CLEO-III and CLEO-c Motivation Two recent results  CLEO-III data (s ½ =6.96–10.54 GeV): “Measurement of the Total Hadronic Cross Section in e + e  Annihilations Below 10.56 GeV”, D. Besson et al., Phys. Rev. D76, 072008 (2007)  CLEO-c data (s ½ =3.97-4.26 GeV): “Measurement of Charm Production Cross Sections in e + e  Annihilation at Energies between 3.97 and 4.26 GeV”, submitted to Phys. Rev. D, arXiv:0801.3418 (2008) Conclusion

3. Measurement of R at CLEO - Jim Libby 3 CLEO-III(c) and CESR-b(c) CLEO-III: Silicon Vertex Detector; B=1.5T CLEO-c: Inner Drift Chamber; B=1.0T e + e − collisions CESR-b (10.6 GeV): L=1.2 10 33 cm -2 s -1 CESR-c (4.0 GeV): L=0.7 10 32 cm -2 s -1 Improve low-p tracking

4. Measurement of R at CLEO - Jim Libby 4 Motivation R(s) in the resonance region (s ½ = 3.95-4.25 GeV):  needed for dispersion integrals of hadronic vacuum polarization g-2,  QED (s) used in fits to SM Higgs and precision QED MC generators for e + e -  l + l - In addition, exclusive & inclusive open charm final state decomposition C 1 =1, C 2 =1.525 and C 3 =  11.686 R(s) in the continuum (s ½ = 6.96-10.54 GeV):  determine  s CLEO-III CLEO-c

5. Measurement of R at CLEO - Jim Libby5 CLEO-III - s ½ =6.96–10.54 GeV

6. Measurement of R at CLEO - Jim Libby 6 Event selection E vis /E cm H 2 /H 0 (Event Shape) E  max /E beam P Z miss / E vis E calorim /E cm No. of charged tracks Suppress 2  & beam gas Suppress 2  & beam gas bgd Suppress ee,  Suppress rad. return to charmonium Suppress ee,  bgd Suppress 2 , beam gas &  s ½ just below  (4S),  (3S),  (2S),  (1S) + 3 lower energies eeee e  e   qq Total MC data cut Bhabha peak

7. Measurement of R at CLEO - Jim Libby 7 Data Analysis Corrections:  for the remaining e  e      etc. background  energy-dependant efficiency Variation 82.1-87.4%  radiative corrections: soft photon and vacuum polarisation hard photon emission: low mass resonances and continuum  interference with  resonances Measure luminosity for normalization  3 processes: e  e  , e  e     , e  e   e  e  Evaluate systematic errors

8. Measurement of R at CLEO - Jim Libby 8 Systematic uncertainties Errors given in % ~2% Dominated by hadronic vacuum polarisation Efficiency and background subtraction MC/data efficiency reweighting Common uncertainties dominate

9. Measurement of R at CLEO - Jim Libby 9 Comparison with previous measurements  s (GeV) R Mark I underestimated its normalisation uncertainty

10. Measurement of R at CLEO - Jim Libby 10 Determination, using massless quarks and 4-quark flavours Alternate determination using  quark mass effects and  matching between 4 and 5 flavour effective theories  J.H. Kuhn, M. Steinhauser and T. Teubner, Phys. Rev. D76, 074003 (2007) The world average determination  S. Bethke, Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 58, 351 (2007) Determination of  s

11. Measurement of R at CLEO - Jim Libby11 CLEO-c - s ½ = 3.97-4.26 GeV

12. Measurement of R at CLEO - Jim Libby 12 Decomposition of charm cross section Resonant region above ψ(3770)  12 scan points between 3.97-4.26 GeV  Integrated luminosity normally between 1.5 and 13.1 pb −1  Exception: 179 pb −1 at 4.17 GeV Find candidate with ±15MeV of the nominal D 0, D + or D s mass:  D 0  K     D +  K       D s  K  K  ]       D s   (    D s  K  [K    ]    D s    −   (    and D s  K  S K  (16% of total BF) For each scan point, fit mass-sideband subtracted momentum spectrum of the D 0, D + or D s candidates to determine production channel s ½ =4.17 GeV D0D0 D+D+ DsDs D*D * D*D DD

13. Measurement of R at CLEO - Jim Libby 13 Exclusive Charm Cross Sections 2-body 2-body D s 3-body Consistent with BELLE determination with ISR  Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 062001 (2008) No evidence for DD π No theoretical prediction for multi-body

14. Measurement of R at CLEO - Jim Libby 14 Comparison to coupled-channel model Model (solid lines):  E. Eichten, K. Gottfried, T. Kinoshita, K.D. Lane, T.M. Yan, Phys. Rev. D21, 203 (1980)  Updated predictions presented at QWG workshop at BNL, June 2006 Reasonable qualitative agreement for most of the exclusive channels  Worst in D*D*

15. Measurement of R at CLEO - Jim Libby 15 Inclusive Charm Cross Section Exclusive D-meson: sum of all determined exclusive cross-sections Inclusive D-meson: sum of inclusive D 0,D +,D s divided by 2 Hadron Counting: similar to the analysis of the s ½ =6.96–10.54 GeV data  Subtract uds contribution from the scaled continuum data taken below  (2S)  Subtract tails of the J/ ,  (2S),  (3770) resonances Conclusion 1) open charm dominates cc production Conclusion 2) uncertainties leave room for exotic states

16. Measurement of R at CLEO - Jim Libby 16 Properties of the Y(4260) Data at s ½ =4260 MeV has potential to discriminate between hypotheses for the nature of the Y(4260)  Hybrid charmonium and tetraquark models predict enhancement of decays to open charm No enhancements observed Limits set on open-charm decay of Y(4260)

17. Measurement of R at CLEO - Jim Libby 17 R(s) in charm threshold region Use the inclusive charm cross-section determined via the hadron counting method Add back uds contribution from a 1/s fit to the world data on R(s) in 3.2-3.72 GeV range (2.285 ±0.03 nb) Apply radiative corrections R uds = 2.29±0.03 Most accurate determinations in this region

18. Measurement of R at CLEO - Jim Libby 18 Conclusion R measured for s ½ =6.96–10.54 GeV  Most precise  Determines  S ( M Z 2 ) with ~10% uncertainty Consistent with world average from alternate techniques Exclusive & inclusive charm for E CM =3.97-4.26 GeV  Region of many thresholds & much structure Exclusively deconstructed its composition Multi-body open charm measured for the first time This deconstruction is useful input for model builders  Qualitative agreement with coupled channel predictions  Precision of R is improved at 13 points