1. An Overlay Multicast Infrastructure for Live/Stored Video Streaming Visual Communication Laboratory Department of Computer Science National Tsing Hua University

2. Outline Live video broadcasting Typical service model Limitations Our goals Overlay multicast infrastructure Our previous works Multicast video streaming Peer-to-peer search & delivery Scalable video coding

3. Live Video Broadcasting Techniques Live video encoding Multicast delivery Commercial products Windows Media Services (Microsoft) Real System Server (Real) QuickTime Streaming Server (Apple)

4. Service Architecture Encoder Stream Server (VOD) Storage Internet (VOD) (Live Broadcast) Stream Server (Live)

5. Multicast Routing Tree Client A (10:00) Client B (10:00) Client C (10:00) Client D (10:00)

6. Common Solution: Prefix Caching 4123 Prefix cache 1, 2, 3, 4 5, 6, 7, … Permanently cache the front part of the video. Clients request before (the start time + the length of the prefix) can see the entire video program. C1C1

7. Multicast + Prefix Caching Client A (10:00) Client B (10:00) Client C (10:00) Client D (10:05) 5 min store the first 5 min (10:05) queue the stream (10:10) read data from the buffer

8. Limitations Must know the video source in advance. Need router support. (IP multicast) Cannot pass through firewall/NAT. Users arrive after the system startup time cannot view the front part of the video. Prefix caching is not perfect.

9. Scenario: Request & Playback User input Service mode (live/on-demand) Video attributes Peer-to-peer search Streaming Overlay multicast Payment (?) By service mode (VOD > live) (from server > from p2p) By video (popular > unpopular) (bit rate) By search method (advanced > basic)

10. Request flow EPG meta data peer 1 peer 0 peer 2 Search P2P Player input : service mode query rules peer 3 peer 4 distributed query init multicast video stream

11. Topics in this project Overlay multicast Peer-to-peer infrastructure Performance optimization Two-mode multicasting Live broadcasting (real-time) On-demand streaming (see the entire video)

12. Advanced Topics (?) Advanced electronic program guide Intelligent search Personal profile Ambiguous keyword search Melody / scene search Distributed / continuous query Matchmaker (?) Meta datas Creation/collection/distribution Format (?) (object-based?)

13. Our Previous Works On-Demand Multicast Streaming Delivery Platform Technology and Systems Peer-to-Peer Streaming Video (Directory Search) Proxy-based Streaming Video Multicast streaming platform for layered videos

14. 10:00 10:04 10:0110:02 10:03 10:02 On-Demand Multicast Communications 10:00 10:02 10:03 10:04 Source Node with timing control

15. Interval Caching Caching buffer 4, 3, 2, 1 14322543 Cache a sliding interval of the video. C1C1 10:00 C2C2 10:04 1 15, 4, 3, 2, 1 2, 1

16. Timing Control Mechanism 10:00 10:03 10:00 34567 To player D, 10:05 To player B, 10:00 2, 1 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 10:05 4, 3, 2, 1 To player C, 10:03

17. On-Demand Multicast Routing source 10:00 Network Constructing an on-demand multicast tree 1.find a routing path 2.allocate buffers to generate path delay 10:06 10:08 10:02 10:03 10:06

18. Playback (with Directory Server) directory server module.exe IE Client WWW Proxy Source module.exe 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

19. Playback (Peer-to-Peer) source ……… client PiPi PjPj PsPs 10:00 10:02 1.find a source 2.find a routing path 3.allocate buffers

20. P2P v.s. Proxy Platform IP Networks Virtual File System (Media Query) (Information Delivery) Video Streaming (HTTP) Media Player QoS IP Networks Cache Replacement Network Mgmt. Proxy-Based Peer-to-Peer Selection & Chaining Proxy Video Streaming (HTTP) Media Player Mgmt. GUI  Network Mgmt.  QoS Reservation Proxy  Protocol  Replacement  Chaining

21. Fault Handling Source 11:30 11:40 11:43 11:44 11:33 11:34 11:35 11:30 11:40 11:32 One of the clients faults Auto reconfiguration

22. Scalable Video Coding

23. Heterogeneous Network Bandwidth Server 1.5 Mbps 0.8 Mbps 1.5 Mbps 0.8 Mbps 0.7 Mbps aggregated stream 0.8 Mbps low quality 1.5 Mbps High quality Bottleneck = 0.7 Mbps

24. End-to-end Layer Subscription with Bandwidth Constraint … Layer 1 Layer 2 Layer L Scheduler Lossy Channel Sender Decoder with Error Concealment Receiver

25. Demo System

26. GUI (Media Player) filename number of layers

27. GUI (Management)