1. INSTITUTET FÖR RYMDFYSIK Swedish Institute of Space Physics U. Raffalski, NDSC MW workshop, KOS, 2004-05-31 KIMRA Kiruna Microwave Radiometer U. Raffalski (1) G. Hochschild and G. Kopp (2) (1) Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Kiruna (2) Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Forschungszentrum und Universität Karlsruhe, Germany

2. INSTITUTET FÖR RYMDFYSIK Swedish Institute of Space Physics U. Raffalski, NDSC MW workshop, KOS, 2004-05-31 Overview The Kiruna microwave radiometer (KIMRA) Measurements and retrieval technique Prerequisites of stratospheric ozone before the winter 2003/04 The evolution of the stratosphere during winter/spring 2003/04 Conclusions for stratospheric ozone

3. INSTITUTET FÖR RYMDFYSIK Swedish Institute of Space Physics U. Raffalski, NDSC MW workshop, KOS, 2004-05-31 The KIMRA instrument at IRF Kiruna Location above polar circle (67.8 N, 21.4 E) –Cold and dry winter troposphere transmissivity 0.53±0.18 (1σ) during period Nov - Apr 2003/04 –Polar vortex –Vicinity to PSC Target species: O 3, ClO, N 2 O, HNO 3 Continuous measurements since Jan 2002 (ozone) Data retrieval by G. Kopp, IMK

4. INSTITUTET FÖR RYMDFYSIK Swedish Institute of Space Physics U. Raffalski, NDSC MW workshop, KOS, 2004-05-31 The KIMRA instrument at IRF Kiruna

5. INSTITUTET FÖR RYMDFYSIK Swedish Institute of Space Physics U. Raffalski, NDSC MW workshop, KOS, 2004-05-31 The KIMRA instrument at IRF Kiruna Definition of edge region according to Equivalent Latitude Method

6. INSTITUTET FÖR RYMDFYSIK Swedish Institute of Space Physics U. Raffalski, NDSC MW workshop, KOS, 2004-05-31 The KIMRA instrument at IRF Kiruna

7. INSTITUTET FÖR RYMDFYSIK Swedish Institute of Space Physics U. Raffalski, NDSC MW workshop, KOS, 2004-05-31 The KIMRA instrument at IRF Kiruna

8. INSTITUTET FÖR RYMDFYSIK Swedish Institute of Space Physics U. Raffalski, NDSC MW workshop, KOS, 2004-05-31 Vertical resolution and sensitivity of KIMRA

9. INSTITUTET FÖR RYMDFYSIK Swedish Institute of Space Physics U. Raffalski, NDSC MW workshop, KOS, 2004-05-31 Comparison radiometer/FTIR/sonde Data from 030205 - 030321 14 Ozone sondes from Sodankylä 16 FTIR ozone profiles 28 millimetre wave ozone profiles

10. INSTITUTET FÖR RYMDFYSIK Swedish Institute of Space Physics U. Raffalski, NDSC MW workshop, KOS, 2004-05-31 Comparison KIMRA/FTIR/sonde

11. INSTITUTET FÖR RYMDFYSIK Swedish Institute of Space Physics U. Raffalski, NDSC MW workshop, KOS, 2004-05-31 Comparison KIMRA/FTIR

12. INSTITUTET FÖR RYMDFYSIK Swedish Institute of Space Physics U. Raffalski, NDSC MW workshop, KOS, 2004-05-31 Evolution of the Arctic polar vortex

13. INSTITUTET FÖR RYMDFYSIK Swedish Institute of Space Physics U. Raffalski, NDSC MW workshop, KOS, 2004-05-31 Evolution of ozone during winter 03/04

14. INSTITUTET FÖR RYMDFYSIK Swedish Institute of Space Physics U. Raffalski, NDSC MW workshop, KOS, 2004-05-31 Evolution of ozone during 2003/04

15. INSTITUTET FÖR RYMDFYSIK Swedish Institute of Space Physics U. Raffalski, NDSC MW workshop, KOS, 2004-05-31 Evolution of the Arctic polar vortex Winter 2002/2003Winter 2003/2004

16. INSTITUTET FÖR RYMDFYSIK Swedish Institute of Space Physics U. Raffalski, NDSC MW workshop, KOS, 2004-05-31 Ozone loss in winter 2003/04 ??? Period 1 Period 2 Period 3 Period 4

17. INSTITUTET FÖR RYMDFYSIK Swedish Institute of Space Physics U. Raffalski, NDSC MW workshop, KOS, 2004-05-31 Ozone loss in winter 2003/04 ???

18. INSTITUTET FÖR RYMDFYSIK Swedish Institute of Space Physics U. Raffalski, NDSC MW workshop, KOS, 2004-05-31 Ozone loss in winter 2003/04 ???

19. INSTITUTET FÖR RYMDFYSIK Swedish Institute of Space Physics U. Raffalski, NDSC MW workshop, KOS, 2004-05-31 Summary A new mm-wave radiometer is operated at IRF Target species O 3, ClO, N 2 O, HNO 3 Frequency range 192 – 225 GHz Cryogenically cooled Schottky-mixer (25 K) Continuous ozone observations since Jan 2002

20. INSTITUTET FÖR RYMDFYSIK Swedish Institute of Space Physics U. Raffalski, NDSC MW workshop, KOS, 2004-05-31 Problems Strong baseline of the order of 2-3 K … –quite stable –most likely between LO and mixer –impairs measurements of ClO, N 2 O, HNO 3 Cold calibration load temperature (value, drift) …

21. INSTITUTET FÖR RYMDFYSIK Swedish Institute of Space Physics U. Raffalski, NDSC MW workshop, KOS, 2004-05-31 Further work Baseline effects have to be reduced –measurements of ClO, N 2 O, and HNO 3 Upgrade to higher resolution in the line center –ozone at high altitudes –time sharing with a future (?) H 2 O radiometer

22. INSTITUTET FÖR RYMDFYSIK Swedish Institute of Space Physics U. Raffalski, NDSC MW workshop, KOS, 2004-05-31 The KIMRA instrument at IRF Kiruna