1. Animalia 007

2. Kingdom Animalia Eukaryotic Multicellular organisms True tissues. Heterotrophic nutrition

3. Kingdom Animalia Most exhibit significant capacity for locomotion. Cells not surrounded by cell walls. Includes sponges, sea anemones, snails, insects, sea stars, fish, reptiles, birds, and human beings.

4. Typical Animal Cell Eukaryotic Animal Cell

5. Phylogentic Relationships of Animals Ancestral Protist segmentation true tissue radial symmetry bilateral symmetry Deuterostomes: eucoelom Protostome: schizocoelem pseudo coelom Porifera Cnideria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Echinodermata Chordata Arthropoda no true tissues acoelom

7. Phylum Porifera Class Hexactinellida Class Calcaria Class Desmospongia Purple and yellow tube sponge Boring sponge Class Sclerospongia

8. No true tissues or organs No symmetry No nerves or muscles Sessile Reproduce sexually and asexually Skeletons composed of CaCO 3 or SiO 2 spicules or spongin Filter feeders

9. Consists of organized cells supported by a skeleton of: spongin fibers calcareous spicules silica spicules a combination of these, or perhaps no skeletal structure at all

10. No Gut Sponges Phylum Porifera

11. A few species of fish seaslugs hawks bill and loggerhead turtles Can use toxins to ward off predators

12. Sponges provide habitat for wide variety of animals. As many as 16,000 different species of animals have been found in one loggerhead sponge.

13. Phylum Cnidaria Class Anthozoa Class Hydrozoa Class Scyphozoa Class Cubozoa Corals Anemones Hydra Portuguese Man-Of-War Stinging Limu Fire Coral True jellyfishBox jellies Sea wasps

14. Phylum Cnidaria Stinging cells & 2 stages in life cycle Radial symmetry Tissues and organs Diploblastic Mouth and digestive cavity (blind sac gut) 9,000 species

15. Close Up of a Portuguese Man-Of-War Class Hydrozoa

16. Class Scyphozoa

17. Box Jellies Seawasp Class Cubozoa

18. Subclass Zoantharia Order Actinaria Sea Anemones Class Anthozoa

19. Subclass Hexacorallia Order Antipatheria Black Coral & Wire Coral Wire coral Black coral Class Anthozoa

20. “True” Stony Corals lobe finger mushroom Porites rus Class Anthozoa

21. Phylum Ctenophora Diploblastic 8 rows or combs of cillia Colloblasts- adhesive structures Hydrostatic skeleton Blind sack gut

22. Phylum Platyhelminthes

23. Flatworms Blind digestive cavity Bilaterally symmetrical Thin, simple circulation Sensory organs at front Many parasitic 10,000 species

24. Fig. 33-10 Pharynx Gastrovascular cavity Mouth Eyespots Ganglia Ventral nerve cords Class Turbellaria Flatworm Anatomy

26. flatworm nudibranch

27. Staurosporine Tetrodoxin

28. Pseudoceros dimidiatus Pseudoceros cf. rubroanus Pseudoceros ferrugineus Pseudobiceros sp. Planocera cf. oligoglena

29. Phylum Nematoda

30. Roundworms Primitive body cavity Gut & Anus No circulatory system Nervous system Very successful- well adapted to every ecosystem Many are parasites 500,000? species

31. Phylum Nematoda

32. Phylum Annelida Class Hirudinea Class Oligochaeta Class Polychaeta earthwormsleachesmarine worms

33. Spaghetti worms Sabellastarte sanctijosephi Fireworm Fan worms (feather duster) Eurythoe complanata Christmas tree worm Spirobranchus giganteus Lanice conchilega

34. Phylum Mollusca Class Polyplacophora Class Gastropoda Class Bivalvia Class Cephalopoda More than 500,000 known species chitonsSnails nudibranchs clams Squid Octopus Cuttlefish Nautilus

35. Phylum Mollusca Well developed circulatory system Nervous system with brain Some with good eyes

36. Three main parts: Muscular foot- for movement Visceral mass- contains most of the internal organs Mantle cavity- houses gills

37. mantle foot visceral mass

38. Grazers (radula- scraping tongue) Filter feeding Egg eaters Active predation

39. Spanish Dancer (nudibranch) & egg mass Class Gastropoda Subclass Opithistobranchia Class Gastropoda Subclass Opithistobranchia

40. Cone shell Triton’s trumpet Cowery Opihi periwinkle Class Gastropoda Subclass Prosobranchia Class Gastropoda Subclass Prosobranchia

41. Class Polyplacophora

42. Class Bivalvia

43. Class Cephalopoda Day octopus

44. Class Cephalopoda

45. Octopus Intelligence

46. Mimic octopus from Indonesia flatfish lionfish Sea snake

47. Blue-ringed octopus Highly venomous

49. Phylogeny of Arthropods Arthropoda Worm-like Ancestor Trilobites (extinct) Annelids (worms) Onychophorans (worms w/legs) Chelicerates (spiders) Crustaceans (lobsters) Insects (butterflies)

50. Insects, crabs, spiders, barnacles Most species; 80% are insects Hard chitin exoskeleton (must shed to grow) Circulatory system with blood, heart 10,000,000? species Phylum Arthropoda

51. Existed 550-250 mya Trilobites

52. Chelicerates Horseshoe crab Pycnogonida

53. ostracod brine shrimp mantis shrimps copepods barnacles Crustacea

54. Banded coral shrimp Spiny lobster Hawaiian cleaner shrimpYellow spotted guard crab Anemone carrying hermit crab Crustacea

55. Phylum Echinodermata Class Astroidae Class Ophiuroidae Class Echinoidae Class Holothuroidae Class Crinoidae Sea starsBrittle stars Crinoids Sea urchinsSea cucumbers

56. Phylum Echinodermata No circulatory system No respiratory system Excretion (N elimination) by diffusion Simple nervous system, no brain Water-vascular system

57. Sea Star Anatomy

58. Phylum Echinodermata Tube feet & associated plumbing Used for walking, clinging to substrate & holding food Water Vascular System

59. Class Echinoidea: sea urchins Echinometra mathaei Colobocentrotus atratus Echinothrix calamaris Slate pencil urchin Collector urchin

60. Class Holothuroidea: Sea Cucumbers Holothuria atra Polyplectana kerfersteninii

61. Class Asteroidea: Sea Stars Acanthaster planci

62. Class Ophiuroidea: Brittle Stars

63. Class Crinoidea: Feather Stars

64. Classification Phylum Chordata Subphylum Urochordata Subphylum Cephalochordata Subphylum Vertebrata tunicates lancets Agnathans Fish Sharks tetrapods

65. Chordate Characteristics

67. Subphylum Urochordata Subphylum Urochordata tunicate

68. Subphylum Urochordata Subphylum Urochordata tunicate

69. Subphylum Cephalochordata Subphylum Cephalochordata lancet

70. Subphylum Cephalochordata Subphylum Cephalochordata lancet

71. Hagfish Class Agnatha Subphylum Vertebrata

72. Class Agnatha Subphylum Vertebrata lamprey

73. Class Chondrichthyes Subphylum Vertebrata

74. Characteristics Posses jaws with teeth, cartilaginous skeleton, paired fins Scales (denticles) have same origin and composition as teeth Possesses 5-7 gills Spiral valve intestine Ureoosmotic strategy Lateral line No swim bladder Heterocercal tail Relatively unchanged (480 mybp) Sharks, skates, rays, chimera Class Chondrichthyes

75. Modern Sharks Planktivores Carnivores Parasites

76. Gill arch from basking shark

78. Cookie cutter shark

79. pores Detects weak magnetic fields produced by other fish

81. Ovipary- eggs enclosed in capsule; eggs are laid and hatched outside the mother Ovovipary- give birth to young, eggs develop in uterus Vivipary- give birth to young, placental connection

84. Antagonistic displays

85. Attacks on Humans Most occur in near shore waters Follow food Usually mistaken identification or territoriality Spear fishing

86. 4 methods to minimize the risk of encountering a shark 1.stay away from harbor entrances 2.avoid going in the water early in the morning and late at night 3.stay in a large group of people 4.if spearing fish, trail fish behind you

87. Fins drying in Cape Town, S. Africa

88. Cartilage- prevents growth of blood vessels in tissue In theory, if it prevents the growth of blood vessels in tumors, the tumors would stop growing. Little solid evidence for ingesting over the counter capsules; they’re diluted with sugar or sterilized with ethylene oxide (a human carcinogen) Experiments with selacchi, derived from shark cartilage 90 g/day “+” results and FDA approved Also, harvesting sharks for unproven cure is detrimental to shark population

89. Characteristics Posses jaws with teeth, bony skeleton, paired fins 4 paired gill arches covered by operculum Intestine- simple, no spiral valve Swim bladder Lateral line Homocercal tail Scales- cycloid, ctenoid Class Osteichthyes

90. 680 species of fish in the islands' waters. About 30% of these fish are endemic to the area. Class Osteichthyes

91. Domino damsel Trigger (Humu) Dwarf moray Porcupine trumpetfish Achilles tang White mouthed morey

92. Class Amphibia Characteristics Cold blooded Returns to water to breed Metamorphosis Some toxic Estivation-dry and hot Hibernation- cold 3,500 species

93. Class Amphibia Rana cancrivora

94. Class Reptilia Characteristics Cold blooded Have scales Amniotic egg Dry skin 3 chambered heart (except crocks) 6,500 species

95. Class Reptilia Sea snake Marine turtle Marine iguana Saltwater crocodile

96. Class Aves Characteristics Warm blooded Feathers and wings Hollow bones Horny bill Lungs have air sacks Hard egg shell

97. Class Aves

98. Class Mammalia Characteristics Warm blooded Have fur or hair Suckle young 3 middle ear bones

99. Class Mammalia Dugong manatee Sea otter Whales & Dolphins Polar bear Seals & sealions

100. Inquiry 1.Which marine mammals give birth at sea? 2.Which structure in sharks allows them to detect weak electromagnetic fields? 3.Which marine reptile is viviparous? 4.Jawless fish belong to the class_____. 5.Which invertebrate phylum molts?