1. Who Gets PTSD and Why?

2. Variables Affecting Development of PTSD Nature of the Precipitating Event The Characteristics of the Traumatized Individual Nature of the Recovery Environment

3. I. Debate in Two Camps Risk Factors Those factors that serve to make individuals more vulnerable to developing PTSD Resiliency Factors Those factors that serve to make individuals more resistant to developing PTSD

4. II. Longitudinal Course of PTSD Acute Stress Response Chronic Response to a Traumatic Event Adaptation to Enduring Chronic Symptoms

5. III. Predictors of PTSD Persistence of Insomnia Family history psychiatric illness Difficulty in finding personal meaning Neuroticism Increase in Reexperiencing and Avoidance Increased physiological arousal at the time Dissociation at the time of the event

6. IV. Model for Vulnerability Theory of Kindling There is a biological memory of the preceding episodes of illness