1. 1 Bragg Curve  Protons and Carbon

2. 2 Application of Range  The localized energy deposition of heavy charged particles can be useful therapeutically = proton radiation therapy

3. 3 Proton Therapy

4. 4  Energy range of interest from 50 (eye) – 250 (prostate) MeV

5. 5 Proton Therapy  asdf

6. 6 Proton Therapy  Modulator, aperture, and compensator Modulator

7. 7 Proton Therapy

8. 8  Lung cancer treatment Intensity modulated radiation therapy vs proton therapy

9. 9 Cyclotron  The first circular accelerator was the cyclotron Developed by Lawrence in 1931 (for $25)  Grad student Livingston built it for his thesis About 4 inches in diameter

10. 10 Cyclotron  Principle of operation Particle acceleration is achieved using an RF field between “dees” with a constant magnetic field to guide the particles

11. 11 Cyclotron  Principle of operation

12. 12 Cyclotron  Why don’t the particles hit the pole pieces? The fringe field (gradient) provides vertical and (less obviously) horizontal focusing

13. 13 Cyclotron  TRIUMF in Canada has the world’s largest cyclotron

14. 14 Cyclotron  TRIUMF

15. 15 Cyclotron  NSCL cyclotron at Michigan State

16. 16 Cyclotron

17. 17

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