1. Understanding Students with Traumatic Brain Injury Chapter 13

2. TBI Traumatic Brain Injury

3. Definition An acquired brain injury caused by an external physical force, resulting in total or partial functional disability or psychosocial impairment, or both that adversely affects a child’s educational performance. The term applies to open or closed head injuries.

4. Open Head Injury Penetrates the bones of the skull, allowing bacteria to have contact with the brain –Impairs specific functions, usually only those controlled by the injured part of the brain

5. Closed Head Injury External blow or from the brain being whipped back and forth rapidly, causing it to rub against and bounce off the rough, jagged interior of the skull

6. Causes of TBI? A blow to the head A motor vehicle accident Being struck by a flying object A bike or skiing or sledding accident Physical abuse Sports injury Gun shot Shaken baby syndrome

7. Changes Depends on the area of the brain that was injured Forgetting-Memory Slowed performance –Reading, writing, math Organization Physical and psychological Interpersonal relationships Impulsive Communication Behavioral

8. Determining the Presence of TBI Computerized tomography - CT Computerized axial tomography - CAT Magnetic resonance imaging Functional magnetic resonance imaging Positron emission tomography

9. Prevalence CDC estimate 100 out of every 100,000 people every year suffer TBI 52,000 die each year 2.5 to 6.5 million people have survived TBI

10. Cost of TBI TBI in US = $48.3 billion a year $31.7 billion in hospitalization $16.6 billion associated with fatalities $10 billion for acute care

11. Hospital to School Involve educators during the hospital stay Keep school personnel updated on student’s medical progress Make the time for homebound instruction as short as possible Frequently monitor the student’s progress after reentry Assign someone to be the point person for coordinating the transition

12. Back to school Accommodate –Meet with nurse –Teacher –Administrators Develop –IEP Assessments Team

13. Accommodations Testing –Give more time –Different styles Classroom –Seating –Keeps records of student Repetitions-Routines

14. Learning Strategies Memory –Flash Cards –Routine –Familiar surroundings Academic –Have some one help him (tutor) –Repetition Behavioral –Anger management –Problem solving

15. More… Types –Woodcock-Johnson-III Tests of Achievement –WISC-III Measures IQ Vocabulary Comprehension –TONI-3 Nonverbal

16. More… Woodcock-Johnson-III –Letter-word identification –Reading –Story Recall –Understanding Directions –Spelling, Writing –Math –Compression

17. Resources http://www.safekids.org/ http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/brain fit.htmlhttp://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/brain fit.html http://www.biausa.org/Pages/biam2003/im brainy.htmlhttp://www.biausa.org/Pages/biam2003/im brainy.html

18. Activity In group –Read poems Notice back side of paper Put names of all members present –Answer the two questions