1. Pertemuan 1 & 2 Penemuan-penemuan bangsa China Matakuliah: E1154/ Seni & Budaya China Tahun: 2008

2. Bina Nusantara AGRICULTURE

3. Bina Nusantara

6. ASTRONOMY & CARTOGRAPHY

7. Bina Nusantara

12. ENGINEERING

13. Bina Nusantara This cast iron pagoda in Luoning, Shantung Province, was built in 1105. It was cast layer by layer in octagonal sections, and stands 78 feets high. There are several such cast iron pagodas in China, some even older than this one. Chinese has found a way to produce cast iron and invented a way to produce steel from cast iron around the 2nd century BC. Though Chinese were not the first to make steel, they did invent two particular steel manufacturing processes: taking the carbong out of cast iron was the first one, melting wrought and cast iron together to make something in between which was steel was the second one. The Chinese used the steel mostly in the weapon making such as new swords, new crossbows, and some in the agriculture machines parts.

14. Bina Nusantara

16. We are fortunate in that his first great bridge, built in 610, survives intact and is still very much in use today. Called the Great Stone Bridge, it spans the Chiao Shui river near Chao-hsien, at the foot of the Shansi Mountains on the edge of the North China Plain. The segmental arch bridge A conceptual breakthrough occured when a Chinese engineer was the first torealize that an arch did no have to be a semi-circle Bridges built in this way take less material and are stronger than ones built as semi-circlar arches. This advance took place in China in the seventh century AD. It was the concept of a genius, Li Ch'un, the founder of an entire school of constructional engineering whose influence lasted for many centuries.

17. Bina Nusantara

20. DOMESTIC & INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY

21. Bina Nusantara

40. MEDICINE & HEALTH

41. Bina Nusantara

43. MATHEMATICS

44. Bina Nusantara

48. MAGNETISM

49. Bina Nusantara

52. THE PHYSICAL SCIENCE

53. Bina Nusantara

54. TRANSPORTATION &EXPLORATION

55. Bina Nusantara

61. SOUND & MUSIC

62. Bina Nusantara

64. WAREFARE

65. Bina Nusantara