1. Matakuliah : G1184 Travel Management Tahun : 2005 Pertemuan ke-: 25 Chapter 8 (Power Point 25.1) Pokok Bahasan : Financial Matters Materi:  Tour Operators’ Other Sources of Income  Operators’ Costs  Keeping Costs Down  Surcharges

2. Learning Outcomes Chapter 8 (Power Point 25.2) Pada akhir pertemuan ke-25, diharapkan mahasiswa akan mampu : menguraikan mengenai surcharges yang dikenakan untuk pemesanan suatu perjalanan (TIK 45) mengambil langkah-langkah untuk menekan harga suatu perjalanan (TIK 46) menyebutkan beberapa sumber pemasukan lain dari tour operators (TIK 47) mengidentifikasi beberapa jenis pengeluaran dari tour operator (TIK 48)

3. (Power Point 25.3) Most operators work on a 90% load factor. It means that they must sell 90% of their seats to break even.

4. (Power Point 25.4) Deposits Tour operators will normally make a booking in return for a deposit payment provided it is > 8–10 weeks before departure date. Sometimes the insurance premium is included in the deposit sum, but as a separate amount. Low deposits are offered as incentives to encourage early booking, but full normal deposit is charged if cancalled. Deposits are not normally refundable and vary in amount. When bookings are made within 10 weeks of departure date, payment must usually be made in full before the operator confirm the reservation.

5. (Power Point 25.5) Because exchange rates change, it will be possible for 2 operators using the same aircraft and hotels to come up with different holiday prices just because they have based their costing on exchange rates at different times in the year.

6. (Power Point 25.6) In particular, the pricing of holiday components is calculated in US dollars for many other countries than just the United States, so fluctuations in the value of the dollar can affect prices of holidays as far apart as China and South America.

7. (Power Point 25.7) Child discounts Large tour operators normally offer discounted holidays for children, defined as aged 2 to 11 or 12. Infants < 2 are normally carried free provided they sit on a parent’s lap on the flight. To qualify for a discount, a child usually has to be sharing a room with two full fare-paying adults.

8. (Power Point 25.8) Definition of ‘Surcharges’ A ‘surcharge’ is: a supplementary amount requested from clients after the booking has been confirmed by the operator and which is levied in addition to the originally confirmed holiday price