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No-till transplanting processing tomatoes into cotton residue Five Points, CA 2003 No-till transplanting processing tomatoes into cotton residue Five Points,

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Presentation on theme: "No-till transplanting processing tomatoes into cotton residue Five Points, CA 2003 No-till transplanting processing tomatoes into cotton residue Five Points,"— Presentation transcript:

1 No-till transplanting processing tomatoes into cotton residue Five Points, CA 2003 No-till transplanting processing tomatoes into cotton residue Five Points, CA 2003

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3 Surface residue in CTCC system Five Points, CA 2003 Surface residue in CTCC system Five Points, CA 2003 Rye / triticale / vetch cover crop in CTCC system Five Points, CA 2000

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6 DiscChisel List Beds Clean Furrows Compact Furrows Spray Treflan Lilliston Chain Beds Plant Cover Crop Mow Cover Crop Spray Roundup Plant Cotton Fertilize***Cultivate Spray Grnd-Insctcds/Grwth Reg Spray Grnd-Custom: Defoliants Spray Air-Custom:Insecticides Harvest Times over field XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX20 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX20XXXXXXXXX9XXXXXXXXXXX11 No cover Cover Standard Tillage* Conservation Tillage** Comparison of Standard and Conservation Tillage Costs and Resource Use - Cotton 2001 Operation *30” rows **60” rows ***Applied with irrigation water

7 Tomato yields 2000 – 2004 (tons/acre) 20002001200220032004 STNO58 + 158 + 146 + 342 + 246 + 4 STCC53 + 1 63 + 245 + 345 + 342 + 5 CTNO56 + 162 + 256 + 154 + 452 + 3 CTCC51 + 161 + 143 + 252 + 348 + 3

8 Cotton yields 2000 – 2005 (lbs lint/acre) 2000 2001 2002 2003 20042005 STNO 360 a 1783 1930 a 1228 ab 2217a1528 STCC 360 a 1405 1921 a 1336 a 1990 ab1595 CTNO 200 a 1579 1736 b 1058 b 1816 bc1498 CTCC 372 a 1454 1252 c 1157 ab 1486 c1528

9 0-15 cm 15-30 cm 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 CTCCSTCCCTNOSTNO Treatment Total Carbon 1999 2003 After 4 years: Total C change in kg C/ha-30cm CTCC — + 4995 STCC — + 4502 CTNO — - 2084 STNO — - 1112 0 5000 10000 15000 20000

10 Treatment Size Fraction Land Preparation DiscChisel List Beds Ringroll Beds Power Incorporate Plant Cover Crop Mow/Chop Cvr Crop Compact Furrow Subtotal In Season Operations SprayLilliston Cultivate Tomato Cultivate Cotton SubtotalTotal98201244127300129234316455 Dust Production by Treatment and Operation (µg/L) *There were detectable dust measurements for these operations, but they rounded to 0 with this number of significant figures. Resp.141372044342817Total8111113993422927028222250Total1012247 trace* 965821012Total57580Total246Total21618227577Total469178 STNOSTCCCTNOCTCC

11 Planting / Harvest Plant Cotton Transplant Tomato Clean Furrow Shred-BedMowUndercut Harvest Cotton SubtotalCumulative Dust Production 1238291181837 Dust Production by Treatment and Operation (µg/L) (continued) *There were detectable dust measurements for these operations, but they rounded to 0 with this number of significant figures. trace* 6321172595127111036231162212824171284012012428141417372213103262125831936 STNO STCCCTNOCTCC

12 Reduced tillage can cut fuel-CO 2 emissions by half Integration of reduced tillage with cover cropping! Greenhouse gas budget: Five Points Six et al., 2005

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14 Standard tillage land preparation following alfalfa or winter forage consisting of disking cross checks prior to broadcast disking entire field

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16 No-till planting corn into wheat forage residue Turlock, CA 2005

17 Sampling agricultural dust emissions Dairy corn production field, Tipton, CA 2004

18 Harvesting winter forage wheat, strip-tilling and planting corn, Tipton, CA, May 2005

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20 Barcellos Farms, Tipton, CA CT emissions reduced 93% CT emissions reduced 88%

21 Mike Nutcher Western Stanislaus County 350 acres of forage 1200 cows

22 Unverferth “Ripper Stripper” 6 row 30 inch strip till implement

23 Conventional 6 row corn planter following strip till operation

24 Comparison of Costs Strip Tillage to Conventional Tillage Strip tillage A) strip till pass $15.00 per acre B) planting pass $15.00 per acre Conventional tillage A) discing pass $10.00 per acre B) ripping pass $18.00 per acre C) discing pass $10.00 per acre D) pre-irrigation $8.00-$15.00 per acre E) finish tool pass$12.00 per acre F) planting pass $15.00 per acre

25 Conservation Tillage planting and postharvest stalk management study Borba Farms, Riverdale, CA 2001 - 2003 Conservation Tillage planting and postharvest stalk management study Borba Farms, Riverdale, CA 2001 - 2003 Cover crop was sprayed or sprayed and chopped Cover crop was sprayed or sprayed and chopped Ridge-till planting Strip-tilling ahead of planting Strip-tilling ahead of planting

26 Spray glyphosate herbicide to kill cover crop Chop cover crop Disk Chisel Disk List beds Plant cotton Ring roll Apply glyphosate over the top Cultivate Harvest cotton Shred stalks Disk Subsoil / relist beds Spray glyphosate herbicide to kill cover crop Chop cover crop No-till plant cotton with JD 1430 planter Ridge-till plant cotton with Buffalo 8000 planter Strip-till seed bed Apply glyphosate over the top Plant cotton Cultivate Harvest cotton Shred stalks Harvest cotton Shred stalks Root pull stalks and/or Terratill subsoiler with rotaty harrows to relist beds System 1System 2System 3System 4System 5System 6System 7 Standard till No-till chopped cover No-till no chop Ridge-till cover chopped Ridge-till no- chop Cover choppedStrip-till no-chop Preplant and postharvest operations used in tillage systems evaluation at Borba Farms, Riverdale, CA, 2001 - 2003

27 Pounds of cotton lint / acre for cotton tillage systems evaluation at Borba Farms, Riverdale, CA, 2001 - 2003 Standard tillage No-till chopped cover crop No-till sprayed cover crop Ridge-till chopped cover crop Ridge-till sprayed cover crop Strip-till chopped cover crop Strip-till sprayed cover crop 1183 abc 1081 bc 1292 ab 1229 abc 993 c 1352 a 1262 ab 1258 a 1215 a 709 b 809 b 1311 a 1278 a 1223 a 1156 ns 1283 ns 1291 ns 1258 ns 1303 ns 1365 ns 1340 ns 200120022003

28 Comparison of cover crop and tillage system tractor operations, estimated fuel use and production costs per acre Standard tillage No-till chopped cover crop No-till sprayed cover crop Ridge-till chopped cover crop Ridge-till sprayed cover crop Strip-till chopped cover crop Strip-till sprayed cover crop 17 9 8 9 10 9 19.5 8.5 7.5 8.5 7.5 10.2 9.2 $237 $199 $195 $199 $195 $204 $200 Times over field Gallons of fuel Total operating costs Farming System

29 No-till planting of winter forage into alfalfa Riverdale, CA 2002

30 No-till drilling sorghum sudan into corn forage residue Tipton, CA 2005

31 Strip-tilling into burned down alfalfa Helm, CA 2005

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