1. CHAPTER 11 The Origins and Expansion of Islam, 100 – 750 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.

2. 1. Pre-Islamic Arabia A. Camels and Commerce 1. Isolation 2. Camel transport 3. Southern Arabia and trade B. The Collapse of Southern Arabia and the Rise of Mecca 1. Challenges and competition 2. The introduction of monotheism 3. Destruction of southern Arabian states 4. Mecca Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.

3. 2. The Rise of Islam A. The Prophet Muhammad 1. Early life 2. Revelations 3. A new prophet, a new religion, and a new mission 4. The Qur’an B. From Mecca to Medina 1. Hijra 2. Umma 3. Five Pillars of Islam 4. Conversion of Mecca Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.

4. 3. Islam Expands, 632 – 661 A. An Agreement Between Leader and Followers 1. Succession crisis 2. The caliphate 3. Jihad and the two houses 4. The caliphate as empire B. The Challenge to a Unified Islam 1. Divisions 2. Sunnis and Shi’ites Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.

5. 4. The Umayyad Caliphate, 661 – 750 A. Umayyad Expansion 1. Centralization and expansion 2. Commerce and expansion B. Collapse of the Umayyad Caliphate 1. The Abbasids Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.

6. 6. Society and Culture in Early Islam A. Religious Observance: The Mosque B. Legal Uniformity: The Shari`ah 1. Islamic law and daily life 2. Gender and Islamic law C. Tolerance of Other Faiths Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.