1. Perspective: Neuronal Oscillations In Brain Operation Cognitive Neuroscience Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia ( CNTRICS) April, 2010 Charles E. Schroeder, Cognitive Neuroscience and Schizophrenia Program Nathan Kline Institute Department of Psychiatry Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons New York, New York

2. Oscillations as “Instruments” (sensory perspective) 1) Oscillations have organized (hierarchical) structure - control baseline excitability

3. Oscillations as “Instruments” (sensory perspective) 1) Oscillations have organized hierarchical structure - controls baseline excitability 2) salient stimuli (any source) “reset” ambient rhythms

4. Oscillations as “Instruments” (sensory perspective) 1) Oscillations have organized hierarchical structure - controls baseline excitability 2) stimuli (any source) “reset” ambient rhythms, 3) subsequent input processing is then influenced by oscillatory phase, i.e., ….

5. Oscillations as “Instruments” (sensory perspective) 1) Oscillations have organized hierarchical structure - controls baseline excitability 2) stimuli (any source) “reset” ambient rhythms, 3) subsequent input processing is then influenced by oscillatory phase, i.e., …. 4) Causality: -Local - Cellular mechanisms (Shapley) -Global – Motor/attentional control of sensory oscillations (Active Sensing) 5) It’s not just about gamma … different frequencies and modes for different functions *** Widely applicable to topic areas mentioned here e.g., communication, attention