1. Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. Rider Chapter 16 Chapter 16 Development Psychopathology

2. Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. Rider Chapter 16 Chapter 16: DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOPATHOLOGY Abnormality –Statistical deviance –Maladaptiveness Interferes with personal and social life Poses danger to self or others –Personal distress –DSM-IV diagnostic criteria (APA)

3. Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. Rider Chapter 16 Developmental Aspects Developmental psychopathology – study of origins and course of maladaptive behavior Disorders and not disease (you have it or you don’t) –A pattern of maladaption, not defects Social and Age Norms Developmental issues –Nature/Nurture (origin of maladaptive behaviors) –Risk factors –Prediction

4. Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. Rider Chapter 16 The Diathesis-Stress Model Diathesis – predisposition or vulnerability (genetic, cognitive, personality) Stress – environmental pressure Interaction of genes and environment Example: Depression –Genetic vulnerability –Environmental trigger(s) Not specific stressors for specific disorders “Bad things have bad effects for some people some of the time”

5. Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. Rider Chapter 16 Extreme stress and high vulnerability (severe disorder) Extreme stress and high resiliency (mild disorder) Low stress and high vulnerability (mild disorder) Low stress and high resiliency (no disorder)

6. Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. Rider Chapter 16 Autism Begins in infancy: more boys Several autistic spectrum disorders Impaired social interaction, communication Repetitive, stereotyped behaviors 75% have mental retardation: 10% have savant syndrome Severe cognitive impairment Biologically based Concordance: MZ=60%, DZ= 0%

7. Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. Rider Chapter 16 Psychopathology Autism video

8. Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. Rider Chapter 16 Depression Infancy –Somatic symptoms –Depressive-like states –Related to poor attachment –“At risk” if mother depressed –“Failure to thrive” syndrome may occur

9. Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. Rider Chapter 16 Childhood Externalizing problems –“Undercontrolled” disorders –Acting out –Aggressive, out of control Internalizing problems –“Overcontrolled” disorders –Inner distress, shyness –More girls

10. Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. Rider Chapter 16 Figure 16.3

11. Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. Rider Chapter 16 Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder DSM-IV Criteria: some combination of –Inattention –Impulsivity –Hyperactivity –More boys; 3-5% of US kids –Comorbidity common Overactive behavior wanes with age Attentional, adjustment problems remain Most well adjusted in adulthood

12. Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. Rider Chapter 16 ADHD-Causes and Treatment Neurological: low Dopamine, other NT’s –Differential processing –Underactivity in motor area Genetic predisposition; Environmental stress 70% helped by stimulants –Overprescription a problem Most successful if combined with behavioral treatment

13. Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. Rider Chapter 16 Depression Childhood –Somatic symptoms –Psychotherapy, medication effective –Nature/Nurture question Adolescence –Often related to childhood symptoms

14. Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. Rider Chapter 16 Adolescence Storm and stress –Only about 20% –Heightened vulnerability to psych disorders Alcohol and drugs are problems Eating disorders –Anorexia nervosa; more girls (3/1) –Bulemia nervosa; binge-purge –Some genetic predisposition; stress also –Psychological treatment usually successful

15. Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. Rider Chapter 16 Adolescent Depression and Suicide 35% depressed; 7% diagnosable –Cognitive symptoms –Behavioral acting out –Genetic link –Environmental triggers Suicide 3rd leading cause of death –Males commit 3:1 compared to females –Females attempt 3:1 compared to males

16. Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. Rider Chapter 16

17. Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. Rider Chapter 16 Adulthood Rates of disorder decrease after age 18 Depression –Elderly less vulnerable to major depression –Concern with elderly Depression often related to health 15% have some symptoms 1-3% diagnosable Difficult to diagnose –More women (2:1)

18. Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. Rider Chapter 16 Depression and Dementia Many undiagnosed and untreated Elderly can benefit, should NOT be excluded from treatment Dementia: progressive deterioration of neural functioning associated with memory impairment, declines in tested intellectual ability, poor judgment, difficulty thinking abstractly and often personality changes Alzheimer’s Disease –Leading cause of dementia –Progressive and irreversible

19. Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. Rider Chapter 16 Causes of Alzheimer’s Senile plaques – masses of dying neural material with toxic protein called beta amyloid The plaque injures/kills neurons Neurofibrillary tangles – twisted strands of neural material Early-onset form (prior to age 60)-genetic links Late-onset form (after age 70)-family history not predictive

20. Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. Rider Chapter 16 Figure 16.6