1. Geography, Time, and the Representation of Cultural Change – Experience from a Large Collaboration: The Electronic Cultural Atlas Initiative (ECAI) Michael Buckland Electronic Cultural Atlas Initiative University of California, Berkeley Knowledge by Networking Berlin, June 22, 2007

2. June 22, 2007Knowbynet, Berlin.2 ECAI Mission: Transform education and research through better understanding of place, time and culture. Five ideas... 1. Understanding requires knowing the context. 2. Using Internet resources should be like using reference books in a library – and as easy and as reliable. 3. Design: Find the context of any museum object, document, or performance: What is related to it in what it is, where it came from, when it originated, and who is associated with it? 4.WHAT, WHERE, WHEN, and WHO (“4W”) as a structure. 5.Make better use of existing descriptive metadata.

3. June 22, 2007Knowbynet, Berlin.3 “4W” Search Support Any resource: Audio, Images, Texts, Numeric data, Objects, Virtual reality, Webpages Any catalog: Archives, Libraries, Museums, TV, Publishers Facet Vocabulary Displays WHAT Thesaurus Cross- references WHERE Gazetteer Map WHEN Period directory Timeline WHO Biograph. dict. Interpersonal e.g. Who’s Who relationships

4. June 22, 2007Knowbynet, Berlin.4 WHAT Subject headings Cross-references Kung fu movies SEE Martial Arts films FORMERLY Hand-to-hand fighting, oriental, in motion pictures “Automobile” in four dialects: - PASS MOT VEH, SPARK IGN ENG (U.S.Import/Export statistics) - TL 205 (Library of Congress Classification) - 180/280 (US Patent classification) - 3711 (Standard Industrial Classification) “HS 847120 Digital auto data proc mach contng in the same housing a CPU and input & output device.”(International Harmonized Commodity Classification System). NEED TO MAP TO & BETWEEN UNFAMILIAR VOCABULARIES = Computer!

5. June 22, 2007Knowbynet, Berlin.5 WHERE Place name gazetteer Map Ctesiphon (Ancient site) Dots link to portal

6. June 22, 2007Knowbynet, Berlin.6 WHAT is WHERE? Catalog + gazetteer + map. Search for books on Folklore, then geographical sort.

7. June 22, 2007Knowbynet, Berlin.7 WHERE is WHAT? Draw box on map around South America. Gazetteer names capital cities (“PPLC”) for search in catalog.

8. June 22, 2007Knowbynet, Berlin.8 WHEN Named Time Periods Timeline People speak of time by naming periods and events: - In reign of Charlemagne… - During the Weimar Republic… - After the Vietnam War… - When I was a student… This practice is culturally situated -- and resembles the use of place names. We developed a “Named Time Period Directory” like a place name gazetteer: Place name gazetteer Place name – Type of place – Lat. & Long. – when Named period directory Period name – Type of period – Chron. Time -- where

9. June 22, 2007Knowbynet, Berlin.9 Example: WHAT happened in IRELAND in 1690s? Time Period Directory records in Google Earth. Zoom to Ireland and 1690s. Icon for Siege of Limerick, 1690. Click link for library search. Catalog records list books and show context.

10. June 22, 2007Knowbynet, Berlin.10 WHEN Time Period Directory Timeline Search LC Catalog Search Wikipedia

11. June 22, 2007Knowbynet, Berlin.11 WHO Biographical Dictionary Complex relationships Life events metadata WHAT: Actions prisoner WHERE: Places Holstein WHEN: Times 1261-1262 WHO: People Margaret Sambiria But for “knowbynet” we need external links! New project: Automatic context finding for biography. Example: Electronic search engine pioneer.

12. June 22, 2007Knowbynet, Berlin.12 Emanuel Goldberg, b. Moscow, 1881; son of Grigorii Goldberg; Univ. of Moscow, 1900-04; Ph.D w. Robert Luther, Leipzig Univ., 1906; Assistant, Adolf Miethe, TU Charlottenburg, 1906-07; Prof, Akad. f. graphische Künste, Leipzig, 1907-17; ICA, Zeiss Ikon, Dresden, 1917-1933; Kinamo cine camera, 1921; microdots, 1925; search engine, 1927; Contax 35 mm camera 1932; kidnapped by Nazi SA; refugee in Paris, 1933-37; Laboratory, Palestine, Israel, 1937; d. 1970. WHO? Click a name to search for an internet resource.

13. June 22, 2007Knowbynet, Berlin.13 Emanuel Goldberg, b. Moscow, 1881; son of Grigorii Goldberg; Univ. of Moscow, 1900-04; Ph.D w. Robert Luther, Leipzig Univ., 1906; Assistant, Adolf Miethe, TU Charlottenburg, 1906-07; Prof, Akad. f. graphische Künste, Leipzig, 1907-17; ICA, Zeiss Ikon, Dresden, 1917-1933; Kinamo cine camera, 1921; microdots, 1925; search engine, 1927; Contax 35 mm camera 1932; kidnapped by Nazi SA; refugee in Paris, 1933-37; Laboratory, Palestine, Israel, 1937; d. 1970. WHERE?

14. June 22, 2007Knowbynet, Berlin.14 Emanuel Goldberg, b. Moscow, 1881; son of Grigorii Goldberg; Univ. of Moscow, 1900-04; Ph.D w. Robert Luther, Leipzig Univ., 1906; Assistant, Adolf Miethe, TU Charlottenburg, 1906-07; Prof, Akad. f. graphische Künste, Leipzig, 1907-17; ICA, Zeiss Ikon, Dresden, 1917-1933; Kinamo cine camera, 1921; microdots, 1925; search engine, 1927; Contax 35 mm camera 1932; kidnapped by Nazi SA; refugee in Paris, 1933-37; Laboratory, Palestine, Israel, 1937; d. 1970. WHAT?

15. June 22, 2007Knowbynet, Berlin.15 Technical comment: WHAT, WHERE, WHEN indexes are often complex. Links create infrastructure! Library subject headings: Topic – Geographic subdivision – Chronological subdivision Place name gazetteer: Place name – Type – Spatial markers (Lat & long) – When Time Period Directory: Period name – Type – Time markers (Calendar) – Where

16. June 22, 2007Knowbynet, Berlin.16 Any document, object, or performance Any resource: Audio, Images, Texts, Numeric data, Objects, Virtual reality, Webpages Any catalog: Archives, Libraries, Museums, TV, Publishers Connect it with its context – and other resources. Facet Vocabulary Displays WHAT Thesaurus Cross- e.g. LCSH references WHERE Gazetteer Map WHEN Period directory Timeline WHO Biograph. dict. Personal e.g. Who’s Who relations

17. June 22, 2007Knowbynet, Berlin.17 A “4W” search interface http://ecai.org/imls4w/

18. June 22, 2007Knowbynet, Berlin.18 Entry Vocabulary Index suggests correct LCSH with different spelling Buttons for searchable resources & local catalogs Search term recommender service for LC Subject Headings

19. June 22, 2007Knowbynet, Berlin.19 Potentially related people

20. June 22, 2007Knowbynet, Berlin.20 Potentially related periods

21. June 22, 2007Knowbynet, Berlin.21 Mostly in India 16 th - 18 th century

22. June 22, 2007Knowbynet, Berlin.22 Find out more about this area.

23. June 22, 2007Knowbynet, Berlin.23 Different Browsing Options!

24. June 22, 2007Knowbynet, Berlin.24 Zooming to South Asia Set limits in time frame Select

25. June 22, 2007Knowbynet, Berlin.25 General information about the country of India… Interface generates menu page Wikipedia CIA Factbook BBCEthnologue Berkeley Natural History Museums

26. June 22, 2007Knowbynet, Berlin.26

27. June 22, 2007Knowbynet, Berlin.27 ECAI Cultural Atlases: presenting history in its geographical & chronological contexts

28. June 22, 2007Knowbynet, Berlin.28 The Electronic Cultural Atlas Initiative Advancing scholarship through increased attention to place and time. http://ecai.org http://ecai.org/imls2004 This represents the work of many people, including Dr Vivien Petras (GESIS-IZ, Bonn). We thank the US Institute of Museum and Library Services, the National Science Foundation, and the Luce Foundation for their support. Come to the next ECAI conferences! Berkeley, Oct 17-20, 2007; Perth, Australia, April 22-24, 2008. Understanding means knowing context. Go geo-temporal! Use dynamic links! Provide context!