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Research Methods 研究方法. What is research? Why research? Why learning research methods?

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Presentation on theme: "Research Methods 研究方法. What is research? Why research? Why learning research methods?"— Presentation transcript:

1 Research Methods 研究方法

2 What is research? Why research? Why learning research methods?

3 What is research? Careful investigation, especially, of a scholarly or scientific nature The process of thoroughly studying and analysing the situational factors surrounding a problem in order to seek out solutions to it ( 一個仔細檢閱、 分析問題的各種因素,以提出解決方案的過程 ) Re-search (search again!)

4 Why Research? To make more accurate ( 正確 ) decisions To reduce personal bias when making decisions

5 INFORMATION REDUCES UNCERTAINTY 我們是否該提 供員工 Child-care Service?

6 The ultimate goal of Research Explanation & understanding Answer questions Solve problems

7 How problems are solved through research? 資訊蒐集 Information gathering 二手資料 secondary data 一手資料 preliminary data Data 本質須與問題相關 資訊分析 Information analysis

8 Why learning Research? Manager 須仰賴大量且正確的資訊,以 為決策的依據 When buying research service, you need to judge the quality of the research

9 Types of research 依目的區分 Basic R. vs. Applied R. 依領域區分 Nature Science R vs. Social Science R 依層級區分 Report, Description, Explanation, Prediction, & Control

10 Basic vs. Applied Basic research 基礎研究 較為理論 TO EXPAND THE LIMITS OF HUMAN KNOWLEDGE 與單一企業政策無直接關係 (Not directly involved in the solution to a problem) Example: 旅館經理的成功秘訣是否與他們的 EQ 有關 ? Location 是否是一個餐廳的致勝因素 ?

11 Basic vs. Applied Applied research 應用研究 針對某公司或某單位發生之問題而延生出來的研究 強調實務問題的解決 (real-life problem) 研究結果可直接影響決策 Answers relate to ACTIONS or POLICY Example: 麥當勞的 McVeggie 是否能為消費者接受 ?

12 Basic vs. Applied 同 : problem solving 異 : applied research is more directed to making managerial decisions( 管理決策 )

13 Nature vs. Social Nature Longer history More support variables are more easy to measure More rigorous procedures ( 可於實驗 室進行,過程可充分掌控 ) Social Shorter history Private sponsor Variables are very abstract ( 抽象 ) & hard to measure Research subjects (human) are harder to control

14 The Purpose of Research 報告 報告式研究 Reporting study 描述 描述性研究 Descriptive study 解說 解說性研究 Explanatory study 預測 預測性研究 Predictive study

15 Report 報告 研究的最基本形式 蒐集次級資料 (i.e., 年度報告 or 報章雜 誌 ) ,並加以彙整 資訊蒐集,無提供有力推論 Example 學生報告

16 描述性研究 Descriptive study 針對某依特定事件 ( 變數 ) 進行了解其特徵 通常會進行第一手資料蒐集 Answer questions WHO, WHAT, WHEN, WHERE, & HOW (sometimes) Don ’ t answer WHY! 企業實務上非常普遍 Example 失業人口報告 商務旅客特質 成功經理人特質 汽車購買行為

17 Explanation 解說性研究 Answer WHY & HOW 以理論、假設為基礎,描述變數之間的關係 身高 v.s. 體重 教育 v.s. 薪資 顧客滿意度 VS. 再來意願 說明變數之間的關係 ( 正相關 / 負相關 ) 及強度 學術上最普遍

18 Prediction 預測性研究 強調因果關係 (cause & effect) 了解變數關係後,進一步提出變數發生 之預測

19 Control 控制 研究的終極目標 重複相同的條件時,可以得到一個可以 預測的結果 Hard to achieve in social science

20 科學研究 預先假設自然界存在某種關係,根據理 論與假說,進行「有系統的」,「可控 制的」,「實證性的」與「批判性的」 調查。 (p.10)

21 Business Research

22 企業研究的目的在提供相關資訊,以有 系統的調查方法,解決企業問題 ( 古永嘉 ) The systematic and objective process of gathering, recording, and analyzing information to make business decisions (Zikmund).

23 Business research 在經營管理上的價值 Identifying SWOT 選擇,決定,並執行經營管理決策 獲取競爭優勢 “ 擁有顧客員工及競爭者的相關資訊昰令人喜悅的 ”

24 Business research must be objective( 客觀 ) 好的 business research 可促進經營 決策的品質進而提升公司經營優勢並間 接創造利潤

25 When do we need to do business research? Factors to consider: Time constraints 時間限制 Availability of data 資料的即時性 Nature of the decision 決策的本質 Benefits vs. costs 成本與利益

26 時間限制 Do we have enough time? Availability of Data 手中現有的 data 是否 能 answering question? Nature of the decision Is the business decision important? Benefits vs. Costs Is it worthy? Do Business Research No Yes No Yes No Don’t Do Business Research!

27 Vale 應要大於 Cost 才值得做 research! Value  不確定因素  決策正確性 Improved 企業經營表 現  Higher Profits Costs 相關研究費用 決策時機 Delay 機密外洩的可能 錯誤研究的誤導

28 Major topics for business research General Business, Economic, and Corporate Research Location 評估 企業道德 需求預測 企業併購 滿意度研究 Financial and Accounting Research 成本分析 投資風險預測 Management and Organizational Behavior Research Leadership style 組織文化研究 員工生產力研究 Sales and Marketing Research Market-share analysis 消費者行為研究


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