1. Genes and Population Genetics I

2. P  I1  I2  I3  EP 4 enzymes

3. Figure 4.1 Plate tectonic processes Plate tectonics: continental drift 5-10 cm/yr

4. Common ancestor and speciation by divergence in isolation Species of large, flightless birds Early Cretaceous period (c. 140 mya) One land mass

5. Dots = demes Geographic distribution of a species

6. Microevolution

7. 1. Macroevolution 2. anagenesis and speciation

8. Mutations Occur at different levels Point mutations Shift of reading frame

10. Genetically based phenotypic variation: the material of natural selection

11. General patterns of natural selection Natural selection results in improved fitness; i.e., improved reproductive success.