1. Archana Sapkota Deepti Reddy Palden Lama

2. Project Goal Develop a remote heart beat monitoring system using wireless technology for new-born premature babies kept in hospital incubators. The main goal is to alert hospital staff in case a babies’ heart rate is detected as abnormal. Currently most hospitals use ECG (Electrocardiography ) for monitoring a baby’s heart rate but do not have remote monitoring system. Our project proposes a solution to upgrade existing health monitoring systems in hospitals by providing remote monitoring capability.

3. Comparison of Wireless Technologies ZigBee802.11 (Wi-Fi) Blueto oth UWB (Ultra Wide Band) Wireless USB IR Wireles Data Rate20, 40, and 250 Kbits/s 11 & 54 Mbits/sec 1 Mbits/s100-500 Mbits/s62.5 Kbits/s20-40 Kbits/s 115 Kbits/s 4 & 16 Mbits/s Range10-100 meters50-100 meters10 meters<10 meters10 meters<10 meters (line of sight Networking Topology Ad-hoc, peer to peer, star, or mesh Point to hubAd-hoc, very small networks Point to point Operating Frequency 868 MHz (Europe) 900-928 MHz (NA), 2.4 GHz (worldwide) 2.4 and 5 GHz2.4 GHz3.1-10.6 GHz2.4 GHz800-900 nm Complexity (Device and application impact) LowHigh MediumLow

4. ZigBee802.11 (Wi-Fi) BluetoothUWB (Ultra Wide Band) Wireless USB IR Wireless Power Consumptio n (Battery option and life) Very low (low power is a design goal) HighMediumLow Security128 AES plus application layer security 64 and 128 bit encyption Other Information Devices can join an existing network in under 30ms Device connection requires 3-5 seconds Device connection requires up to 10 seconds Typical Applications Industrial control and monitoring, sensor networks, building automation, home control and automation, toys, games Wireless LAN connectivity, broadband Internet access Wireless connectivity between devices such as phones, PDA, laptops, headsets Streaming video, home entertainme nt applications PC peripheral connections Remote controls, PC, PDA, phone, laptop links

5. Heart Rate monitors in market ProductsFeaturePrice Polar FS1 displays heart rate and exercise time, has visual & audible target zone alarms. Shows average heart rate of the total exercise. $69 Alive Heart Monitor uses wireless Bluetooth and mobile phone networks to immediately transmit ECG and accelerometer data to a computer, PDA, or central monitoring centre. $100 BioHarness- Zephyr Technology allows a user (or remote person) to view vital signs and status. Uses Bluetooth. $120

6. Why ZigBee? Long range (10-100 meters) Long Battery Life (low power consumption) Secure communication (128 AES plus application layer security) Low complexity at application layer (lot of features available in the ZigBee stack) Quick network formation (Devices can join an existing network in under 30ms)

7. ZigBee Protocol Stack Application Layer Z-Stack

8. The ZigBee monitoring system An Incubator room with ZigBee network.

9. Remote Monitoring Architecture Incubator Room Incubator Room Incubator Room Incubator Room Incubator Room Incubator Room Central Monitori ng Room LAN

10. Experiments: Implementing a remote ZigBee monitoring system We implemented a ZigBee wireless network using 1 ZigBee Co-ordinator and 3 end-devices. A ZigBee Coordinator establishes the ZigBee network, and collects heart rate information from various end-devices within the network. A ZigBee end-device transmits the heart rate information to the Coordinator periodically. On detecting, an abnormal heart rate (above 160 beats/min and below 120 beats/min) for new-born babies, it sends the information immediately. ZigBee Coordinator transmits the received heart rate information to a computer using RS232 serial communication. The computer will have a software that will display the heart rate information.

11. Experiments: Implementing a remote ZigBee monitoring system Each end-device has a unique device address, which is used to map heart rate information to a particular baby in the incubator room. Ideally, heart rate sensor would be based on electrodes attached to a baby. An analog input on the Zigbee device would collect electric signals from the sensor and Analog- to-Digital converter would provide digital data. In our experiment, we have used a random number generator on the Zigbee device to simulate baby’s heart rate. An extension of this work would be to develop a software that transmits heart rate information to a central monitoring system over Ethernet LAN.

12. Reliability and Fail Safe measures Since the heart rate is reported periodically, the receiver /coordinator can detect if any node in the ZigBee network has failed (whatever be the reason). The computer receiving periodic data from the receiver/coordinator, can detect if the receiver failed. According to battery life (depends on battery), the software running on the computer attached to zigbee coordinator, can estimate if one of the zigbee nodes is going to die.

13. Hardware Specification CC2430 system on a chip with 8051 microcontroller, an RS232 interface, a USB Slave interface, an open A/D converter line plus an integrated accelerometer, light sensor, LEDs, a joystick and buttons. CC2430 System-on-Chip (SoC) is specifically tailored for IEEE 802.15.4 and ZigBee™ applications. Combined with the industry leading ZigBee™ protocol stack (Z- Stack) the CC2430 provides the market’s most competitive ZigBee™ solution.

14. CC2430 Development Board

15. SmartRF04EB (Evaluation Board)

16. Zigbee Network used for experimentation Picture below shows the Zigbee network we used for the project. The coordinator is the board with the serial cable attached to it. The end devices/nodes are the other three devices.

17. ZigBee communication (Packet Sniffer)

18. Color Code in Packet Sniffer

19. ZigBee channel selection The 802.15.4 specification defines 16 channels in the 2.4 GHz frequency range. These channels are assigned numbers 11 through 26. Z- Stack initially defaults to channel 11, but the user can select a different channel by changing DEFAULT_CHANLIST. This parameter is a bit map field, with each bit representing a single channel. As shown below, the initial default channel 11 (0xB) is represented by 0x00000800 (11th bit in the field, starting from bit 0).

20. IAR Embedded Workbench Application Layer Z-Stack

21. Conclusion We have proposed a low-cost solution to enhance the remote monitoring capability of existing health care system. We conducted a feasibility study of using ZigBee network based heart rate monitoring system. It is secure, robust and low-power consuming. It can operate on multiple channels so as to avoid interference with other wireless devices or equipments in the hospital.