1. Leadership Training for Librarians: Current NLM Programs Betsy L. Humphreys Associate Director for Library Operations National Library of Medicine MLA 2002 – Dallas - May 22, 2002

2. Current NLM Training Programs NLM and NN/LM “CE” CoursesNLM and NN/LM “CE” Courses –Short courses: PubMed, TOXNET, etc.; HSR courses; new Bioinformatics and UMLS courses Associate Fellowship ProgramAssociate Fellowship Program Woods Hole Medical Informatics CourseWoods Hole Medical Informatics Course

3. Current NLM Training Programs Extramural informatics training grantsExtramural informatics training grants –now 18 training centers, including 6 with special focus on librarians Individual informatics fellowshipsIndividual informatics fellowships –at LHC, NCBI, and Extramural

4. What Librarians and Other Health Information Professionals Do Identify/meet individual information needsIdentify/meet individual information needs Build information resources, services, tools, infrastructureBuild information resources, services, tools, infrastructure Train people to use/build information resourcesTrain people to use/build information resources Do outreach to increase awareness/use of resourcesDo outreach to increase awareness/use of resources Conduct related research/evaluationConduct related research/evaluation Lead/manage people engaged in these activitiesLead/manage people engaged in these activities Develop related institutional/public policyDevelop related institutional/public policy

5. Current NLM Training Program Emphases

6. Current NLMTraining Program Emphases Current NLM Training Program Emphases

7. NLM Associate Fellowship Program Objective: to prepare new librarians for future leadership roles in health sciences librariesObjective: to prepare new librarians for future leadership roles in health sciences libraries 1957— 1 year at NLM1957— 1 year at NLM –1998- optional 2nd year at another institution to work as part of multi-disciplinary team Key elements: National, multi-disciplinary perspective; NLM “inside view”/contacts; advanced technology; research methods; policy issues; many leadership models; projects; professional meetings; visits to other HSLsKey elements: National, multi-disciplinary perspective; NLM “inside view”/contacts; advanced technology; research methods; policy issues; many leadership models; projects; professional meetings; visits to other HSLs

8. NLM Associate Fellowship Program Number of graduates: 190 (Second year =10)Number of graduates: 190 (Second year =10) –~15% from minority groups overall –>25% from minority groups since 1996 Subsequent “leaders” (min #s):Subsequent “leaders” (min #s): –All leaders: 64 = 33%; 50% pre-’90 –Library Leaders: 52 = 27%; 41% pre-’90 –HS Library Leaders: 38 = 20%; 30% pre-’90 (“Leader” = Director, Assistant/Associate Director, or Department/Section Head in Large Organization)

9. NLM Associate Fellowship Program Other measures of leadership?Other measures of leadership? –At least 62 or 31% have one or more citations in MEDLINE includes 32 not counted in narrow definition of “leader”includes 32 not counted in narrow definition of “leader” –Awards? - Graduates have received Noyes, Doe, Rogers, Brodman, Darling, Eliot, Rittenhouse Awards –Association offices, committees, etc.?

10. In general, graduates like the program, stay in the field, use and value what they learned Carle DO. A longitudinal study of Associates at the National Library of Medicine, 1957-1990. Bull Med Libr Assoc 1995 Jul 83(3):275-279.Carle DO. A longitudinal study of Associates at the National Library of Medicine, 1957-1990. Bull Med Libr Assoc 1995 Jul 83(3):275-279. Brewer J. Post-master’s residency programs: enhancing the development of new professionals and minority recruitment in academic and research libraries. Coll Res Libr 1997 Nov 56(6):528- 537.Brewer J. Post-master’s residency programs: enhancing the development of new professionals and minority recruitment in academic and research libraries. Coll Res Libr 1997 Nov 56(6):528- 537. Lanier D, Henderson CL. Library residencies and internships as indicators of success: evidence from three programs. Bull Med Libr Assoc 1999 87(2):192-199.Lanier D, Henderson CL. Library residencies and internships as indicators of success: evidence from three programs. Bull Med Libr Assoc 1999 87(2):192-199.

11. Woods Hole Medical Informatics Course Objective: To prepare working professionals who can be change agents to be actively involved in making informed decisions about computer-based tools in their organizationsObjective: To prepare working professionals who can be change agents to be actively involved in making informed decisions about computer-based tools in their organizations 1991 – 1 week intensive course in spring1991 – 1 week intensive course in spring –1998 fall session added Key elements: Networking with leaders in the field and students from other disciplines; theory and hands-on exercises, workshops; advice on organizational issues; location!Key elements: Networking with leaders in the field and students from other disciplines; theory and hands-on exercises, workshops; advice on organizational issues; location!

12. Woods Hole Medical Informatics Course Number of graduates: ~420Number of graduates: ~420 – At least 33% (140) are librarians Very favorable course ratingsVery favorable course ratings 3-4 applicants for every slot3-4 applicants for every slot Anecdotes, but no formal evaluation of any impact on roles/status of studentsAnecdotes, but no formal evaluation of any impact on roles/status of students –NLM is planning to fund an evaluation

13. Some Common Success Factors Applicants interested in “leadership”Applicants interested in “leadership” Serious selection process with multi-disciplinary inputSerious selection process with multi-disciplinary input Enthusiastic, expert, multi-disciplinary faculty, mentorsEnthusiastic, expert, multi-disciplinary faculty, mentors Opportunities for networking and building connectionsOpportunities for networking and building connections Something interesting to “do”Something interesting to “do” Funding for trainees: salaries for long programs; paid expenses for short coursesFunding for trainees: salaries for long programs; paid expenses for short courses