1. 16.711 Lecture 1 Review of Wave optics Today Introduction to this course Light waves in homogeneous medium Monochromatic Waves in inhomogeneous medium Polychromatic waves Multiple interference and optical resonator Diffraction principle and diffraction grating

2. 16.711 Lecture 1 Review of Wave optics Syllabus and policy of the course Syllabus, course materials, schedules are available on the course website: http://faculty.uml.edu/xlu/16.711 Course contents: 1. Introduction of the course, reviews of Wave Optics 2. Dielectric waveguides and optical fibers, mode and effective index 3. Optical Fiber modal and wavdguide dispersions, dispersion management 4. Mode-coupling theory, Mach-zehnder interferometer, Directional coupler, taps and WDM coupler 5. Electro-optics, polarization and modulation of lights 6. Optical Amplifiers. noise figure, gain profile, ASE noise. Gain equalization, optical filter, bit error rate, amplifier cascade 7. DWDM technology, Gratings, AWG, Fiber Bragg grating 8. Photonic switches and all optical switches 9. Nonlinear Fiber optics

3. 16.711 Lecture 1 Review of Wave optics Light waves in homogeneous medium Plane electromagnetic wave The Helmholtz equation Helmholtz equation

4. 16.711 Lecture 1 Review of Wave optics Light waves in homogeneous medium The spherical wave The Gaussian wave

5. 16.711 Lecture 1 Review of Wave optics The Gaussian wave

6. 16.711 Lecture 1 Review of Wave optics Power of a Gaussian beam Total Power: The ratio of the power carried within a circle of radius : The power contained within a circle of radius 86% of the total power. 99% of the total power is contained within a circle of radius.

7. 16.711 Lecture 1 Review of Wave optics Beam radius of a Gaussian beam when is the waist radius. is the spot size. 86% energy is confined in the cone.

8. 16.711 Lecture 1 Review of Wave optics depth of focus is the waist radius. is the spot size. The gaussian has minimum width at. The axial distance for the beam width is called depth of focus.

9. 16.711 Lecture 1 Review of Wave optics Monochromatic waves in inhomogeneous medium Fresnel’s equations:

10. 16.711 Lecture 1 Review of Wave optics Monochromatic waves in inhomogeneous medium Fresnel’s equations: phase change: when : At normal incidence, no phase shift if n1>n2, 180 phase shift if n2>n1. The Fresnel’s equations is derived from the boundary conditions.

11. polarization angle or Brewster’s angle : 16.711 Lecture 1 Review of Wave optics Monochromatic waves in inhomogeneous medium General case: AtThe reflected wave is linear polarized.

12. 16.711 Lecture 1 Review of Wave optics Monochromatic waves in inhomogeneous medium Total internal reflection At The amplitude of the reflected wave is 1. The phase of the reflected wave changes with the incident angle.

13. Evanescence wave: 16.711 Lecture 1 Review of Wave optics Monochromatic waves in inhomogeneous medium Total internal reflection and evanescent wave penetration depth:

14. normal incidence: 16.711 Lecture 1 Review of Wave optics Monochromatic waves in inhomogeneous medium Reflectance and Transmittance

15. wave packet speed: 16.711 Lecture 1 Review of Wave optics Polychromatic waves group velocity Exercise: the difference between phase velocity and group velocity? is called group index.

16. is the absorption or attenuation coefficient. 16.711 Lecture 1 Review of Wave optics Polychromatic waves absorption and dispersion a wave packet broadening for a length of L is: dispersion parameter:

17. classical electron moving equation: 16.711 Lecture 1 Review of Wave optics Polychromatic waves classical picture of the susceptibility:

18. 16.711 Lecture 1 Review of Wave optics Multiple interference and optical resonator interference of monochromatic waves : interferometers Mach-zehnder Michelson Sagnac

19. 16.711 Lecture 1 Review of Wave optics Multiple interference and optical resonator interference of two oblique plane waves : exercise: interference of a plane wave and spherical wave

20. 16.711 Lecture 1 Review of Wave optics Multiple interference and optical resonator interference of two monochromatic waves – light beating multiple interference

21. 16.711 Lecture 1 Review of Wave optics Multiple interference and optical resonator spectral width, finesse, Diffraction principle and diffraction grating Fraunhofer diffraction

22. 16.711 Lecture 1 Review of Wave optics Diffraction principle The Fourier optics view of Fraunhofer diffraction inside the aperture outside the aperture In far fields, the spatial frequency is transferred to position.

23. 16.711 Lecture 1 Review of Wave optics Transmission grating Diffraction grating Reflection grating