1. History of the Earth Chapter 1: Formation of the Earth From the Big Bang to Early Planets

2. Origins of… The Universe (13.7 Gyr) The Elements (13.7 - 4.6 Gyr) The Solar System & the Earth (4.6 Gyr) The Moon (4.5-4.6 Gyr)

3. Origin of the Universe (13.7 Gyr) The Big Bang Quantum Mechanical Statistical Vacuum Fluctuation?

4. History of the Universe

5. Hubble Deep Field

6. Evidence: Doppler Effect

7. Electromagnetic Radiation

8. Red Shift & Blue Shift

9. Red Shift of Spectrum

10. Galaxy Velocity More Red Shifted

11. Expansion of the Universe The galaxies are not moving through space, they are stationary is space. Space itself, between the galaxies is stretching and carrying the galaxies farther away from each other.

12. WMAP Wilkinson Microwave Anisotrophy Probe Microwave light emitted 380,000 yrs after the Big Bang

13. Stars Begin to Form about 300,000 years after the Big Bang At that time Universe is: 75% Hydrogen 25% Helium What about the rest of the elements?

14. Nebula

16. How a Star Works Radiation Pressure Gravity

17. Nucleosynthesis

18. Stellar Death: Collapse Radiation Pressure Gravity

19. Supernova: Crab Nebula

20. Supernova Remnants

21. Eagle Nebula

22. Origin of the Elements Hydrogen & Helium: Big Bang Helium to Iron: Stellar Fusion  Multiples of 4 most common: Helium Carbon, Oxygen, Neon, Magnesium, Silicon, Sulfur, Iron Iron to Uranium: Supernova