1. PPPs in African HE Department of Informatics, University of Huddersfield Measuring the effectiveness of Public-Private Partnerships in building IT capacity in African Universities Rupert Ward Department of Informatics (UCO) Email: r.r.ward@hud.ac.uk

2. PPPs in African HE Department of Informatics, University of Huddersfield  Why study the effectiveness of Public-Private Partnerships in building IT capacity in African Universities?  Difficulties with measuring the effectiveness of Public-Private Partnerships in building IT capacity in African Universities.  Progress to date  Future work Presentation Outline

3. PPPs in African HE Department of Informatics, University of Huddersfield  Approximately 6 million university enrolments in African universities (UIS, 2005)  Universities enrolments have more than trebled every 10 years since 1965 (Sawyerr, 2002)  Government and Development funding has not matched this increase in enrolments (Roberts, 2005).  Governments are struggling to provide sufficient funding for IT within universities (Saint et al., 2004)(Dike, 2004) Why study the effectiveness of Public- Private Partnerships in building IT capacity in African Universities?

4. PPPs in African HE Department of Informatics, University of Huddersfield African HE falls further behind Figure 1 – Regional Gross Enrolment Ratios (Bloom et al., 2005)

5. PPPs in African HE Department of Informatics, University of Huddersfield  Lack of existing data - Limited large scale data sets - Limited resources to collect data  Political difficulties - Trust / openness - Hidden agendas - Fairness in measurements Difficulties with measuring the effectiveness of Public-Private Partnerships in building IT capacity in African Universities.

6. PPPs in African HE Department of Informatics, University of Huddersfield  Development of an international network involving academics from UK, US, Nigeria and Ghana.  Support from academic and professional institutions from UK, US, Nigeria and Ghana.  Initial work, focusing on an assessment of whether PPPs are well suited to IT Higher Education in Nigeria, led to a conference paper presented at the Nigeria Computer Society conference 2005 (Ariguzo et al., 2005)  Data collection of approximately 200 questionnaire responses from Nigerian public and private sector representatives are currently being analysed.  A web portal is currently being designed to assist in the development of a community of practice (Allee, 1997). Progress to date

7. PPPs in African HE Department of Informatics, University of Huddersfield Collection of further baseline data on PPPs currently providing ICT facilities within African Higher Education, initially Nigeria & Ghana (~ 50 HEIs). Using - semi-structured interviewing - job shadowing - stakeholder feedback and other appropriate methods - to generate case studies, reports and electronic guidance materials. Future work

8. PPPs in African HE Department of Informatics, University of Huddersfield  Training courses and seminars to provide guidance to parties interested in developing PPPs.  Results will be presented at both academic and non-academic conferences.

9. PPPs in African HE Department of Informatics, University of Huddersfield The baseline data will identify:  the different approaches taken  the resources / facilities provided  the financial health & longevity of PPPs  their impact in raising participation & aspiration  the needs of both existing PPP participants and interested stakeholders Future work

10. PPPs in African HE Department of Informatics, University of Huddersfield The baseline data will also identify:  Key barriers to more effective PPPs within HE, which may include: - Poverty - Lack of knowledge / opportunities - Socio-cultural barriers (e.g. gender, ethnicity, disability).

11. PPPs in African HE Department of Informatics, University of Huddersfield and  Solutions, which may include: - Open and Distance Learning initiatives - Shared access and partnerships with local community groups etc.

12. PPPs in African HE Department of Informatics, University of Huddersfield Future work will also analyse the relevance of other academic research within this context e.g. the relevance of the Technology Acceptance Model (Davis, 1989) and Social Network Analysis (Everard, 2002). Future work

13. PPPs in African HE Department of Informatics, University of Huddersfield Ongoing development of the Community of Practice through a web portal will inform stakeholders, providing: Best practice examples, guidance and information on developing PPPs A news aggregator with RSS feeds, including mainstream mass media website feeds, to keep stakeholders informed on developments Future work

14. PPPs in African HE Department of Informatics, University of Huddersfield  Directories of public and private sector organisations currently participating in PPPs or interested in developing PPPs within Nigeria and Ghana  In-depth case studies of both effective and ineffective PPP implementation techniques within Nigeria and Ghana  Online conferencing enabling sub-communities to be created and monitored (enabling social network analysis of the web portal to be undertaken)

15. PPPs in African HE Department of Informatics, University of Huddersfield Questions

16. PPPs in African HE Department of Informatics, University of Huddersfield Allee, V. (1997) The Knowledge Evolution: Expanding Organizational Intelligence. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann. Ariguzo, G., Shea, T. and Ward, R. (2005) “ Are Public-Private partnerships the future for IT Higher Education in Nigeria? ” The Proceedings of the Nigeria Computer Society 8th International Conference: Information Technology Capacity Building, June 2005, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Bloom, D., Canning, D. and Chan, K. (2005) “ Higher Education and Economic Development in Africa ” http://web.worldbank.org (Accessed 14/12/05) References

17. PPPs in African HE Department of Informatics, University of Huddersfield Davis, F. D. (1989) Perceived usefulness perceived ease of use and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly, 13, 983 – 1003. Dike, V. (2004) “ The state of education in Nigeria and the health of the nation ” http://www.africaeconomicanalysis.org/articles/gen/education10204234737 htm.html.(Accessed 18/04/05) Everard, A. and Henry, R. (2002) “ A social network analysis of interlocked directorates in electronic commerce firms ” Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 1, 2, 225-234. References

18. PPPs in African HE Department of Informatics, University of Huddersfield Roberts, L. (2005) African Higher Education Development and the International Community, Short Paper Series on African Higher Education Development, Policy Research Unit, Association of Commonwealth Universities. http://www.acu.ac.uk/policyandresearch/publications/externalpartnerspaper. pdf (Accessed 4/1/06) Saint, W., Teresa A. H., and Strassner, E. (2004), “ Higher Education in Nigeria: A Status Report ” World Education News and Reviews. http://www.wes.org/ewenr/PF/04sept/PFFeature.htm (Accessed 18/04/05) References

19. PPPs in African HE Department of Informatics, University of Huddersfield Sawyerr, A. (2002) Association of African Universities, Challenges Facing African Universities Selected Issues. http://www.aau.org/english/documents/asa-challenges.pdf (Accessed 8/5/05) UIS (2005) UNESCO Institute for Statistics, Global Education Digest 2005 Comparing Education Statistics Across the World. http://www.uis.unesco.org/template/pdf/ged/2005/ged2005_e n.pdf (Accessed 4/1/06) References