1. Creating life long learners David Taylor School of Medical Education Liverpool University

2. Who thinks they are life long learners? What made you one? a person an experience

3. Piaget Intelligence is knowing what to do even when you don't know the rules Intelligence is knowing what to do even when you don't know the rules

4. Dreyfus (Berkley) need to learn to learn need to learn to learn a university is a community of learners a university is a community of learners “Mood in the Room” “Mood in the Room”

5. Learning Styles Everyone has their own preferred learning style Everyone has their own preferred learning style But they can only find it by experience But they can only find it by experience It follows that we need to provide our students with as many different learning experiences as possible. It follows that we need to provide our students with as many different learning experiences as possible.

6. Dewey (1933) Reflection is… Reflection is… A purposeful form of thought provoked in learners when they recognize that their understanding is incomplete. A purposeful form of thought provoked in learners when they recognize that their understanding is incomplete.

7. Walker Narratives destabilise comfortable worlds and offer the possibility of empathetically understanding other lives Narratives destabilise comfortable worlds and offer the possibility of empathetically understanding other lives Grateful thanks to Lindsey Nicholls who spoke at the SAAHE conference in UWC May 2006 Grateful thanks to Lindsey Nicholls who spoke at the SAAHE conference in UWC May 2006

8. Reflection vs reflexion Reflection = mirror Reflection = mirror Inner resonance Inner resonance Reflexion = window Reflexion = window think about think about To be reflexive = a capacity to doubt oneself To be reflexive = a capacity to doubt oneself

9. Bateson’s hierarchy of learning Level 0 habit Level 0 habit Level 1 trial and error Level 1 trial and error Level 2 self fulfilling prophesy Level 2 self fulfilling prophesy Level 3 responsibility Level 3 responsibility For your blind spots For your blind spots

10. What is a reflective learner?

11. In order to reflect 3 things are needed 3 things are needed something to reflect on something to reflect on reflection time & modelling reflection time & modelling motivation motivation Albanese,2006,Medical Education 40;288- 290 Albanese,2006,Medical Education 40;288- 290

12. something to reflect on Big picture Big picture Boundaries of knowledge Boundaries of knowledge

13. Vygotsky (c. 1928) Zone of proximal development Zone of proximal development ZPD BA

14. reflection time & modelling reflection time & modelling Time Time Role model Role model

15. motivation intrinsic is not always enough intrinsic is not always enough (Liverpool, Manchester vs. Cardiff...) (Liverpool, Manchester vs. Cardiff...) Not a surprise - tendency towards strategic learning Not a surprise - tendency towards strategic learning

16. How to encourage Journals & or small groups are neither necessary nor sufficient Journals & or small groups are neither necessary nor sufficient The single biggest influence on me was my biology teacher at school who used to ask me how I got to the answer. The single biggest influence on me was my biology teacher at school who used to ask me how I got to the answer.

17. My two main questions as a PBL-facilitator My two main questions as a PBL-facilitator 1) what is the evidence for that? 1) what is the evidence for that? 2) show us your working 2) show us your working

18. Student needs Dedication Dedication Self reliance Self reliance Hard work Hard work Time Time Attention to detail Attention to detail A role model A role model