1. Public Health-Seattle & King County
Teaching About STDS
HIV/AIDS Program
Public Health-Seattle & King County
206/205-STDS (7837)

2. Elements of effective programs:
tailoring to the age and experience of the audience;
focus on risky sexual behavior;
sound theoretical foundation;
provision of basic facts about avoiding risks of unprotected sex;
acknowledgement of social pressures to have sex; and
practice in communication, negotiation and refusal skills.

3. Key Teaching Points Youth are at risk for STDS. STDS are preventable.
STDS are transmitted by unprotected anal, oral or vaginal sex.
Sexually active youth should be tested and treated for STDS.

4. Youth are at risk for STDS
People < 25 account for 66% of new STD infections.
The Seattle Public Schools 1999 Teen Health Risk Survey showed that 40% of high school students had had sex.
Of students who reported having had sex, 20% said they had experienced forced intercourse.
55% of high school students who had sex in the last 3 months used a condom the last time they had sex.
In King County, the 1997 gonorrhea rate per 100,000 was for year olds compared to for year olds.

5. Key Teaching Points Youth are at risk for STDS. STDS are preventable.
STDS are transmitted by unprotected anal, oral or vaginal sex.
Sexually active youth should be tested and treated for STDS.

6. Prevention Abstinence Mutual monogamy with uninfected partner
Limited sexual contact (non-penetrative)
Condoms - correct and consistent use
Reduce number of sexual partners
Talk with new partners about risk reduction
Tx of curable STDs, regular PAP test, vaccinate
Avoid sex if you have symptoms of an STD
Notify recent partners if you have an STD

7. WARNING: Condoms may not fully protect you or your partner from getting herpes or HPV. Condoms are not as effective at preventing herpes or HPV transmission as they are at preventing the transmission of other sexually transmitted diseases. You may have sores or viral shedding in the genital region which may not be covered by or protected by condoms (e.g., labia, the scrotum).
Prevention
Abstinence
Mutual monogamy with uninfected partner
Limited sexual contact (non-penetrative)
Condoms - correct and consistent use
Reduce number of sexual partners
Talk with new partners about risk reduction
Tx of curable STDs, regular PAP test, vaccinate
Avoid sex if you have symptoms of an STD
Notify recent partners if you have an STD

8. Condom Effectiveness
Intact latex condoms do NOT allow air, water, viruses, or other organisms such as bacteria to pass through.
Prevent pregnancy up to 98 percent of the time.
In studies, among 124 discordant couples who used condoms consistently over 2 years, none of the uninfected partners became infected with HIV.

9. Key Teaching Points Youth are at risk for STDS. STDS are preventable.
STDS are transmitted by unprotected anal, oral or vaginal sex.
Sexually active youth should be tested and treated for STDS.

10. Two Kinds of Sexual Transmission
M-C
Two Kinds of Sexual Transmission
S-S
1) Skin to Skin
2) Body Fluid N
B-F

11. STD Transmission B-F S-S Genital Herpes Genital Warts (HPV) Syphilis
Pubic Lice
Scabies
Chlamydia
Gonorrhea
HIV
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C

12. HIV and other STDs are connected.
same behaviors
increased transmission
feelings of susceptibility and personal concern

13. Key Teaching Points Youth are at risk for STDS. STDS are preventable.
STDS are transmitted by unprotected anal, oral or vaginal sex.
Sexually active youth should be tested and treated for STDS.

14. Sexually active youth should be tested and treated for STDS.
Many STDS do not have symptoms.
Untreated STDS can have serious consequences.
Where can your students get tested?

15. Bacterial STDs: Chlamydia, Gonorrhea and Syphilis

17. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Epididymitis
Symptoms: fever, chills, pain
Complications: sterility
Treatment: antibiotics
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Symptoms:
pain, fever, chills
Complications:
Ectopic pregnancy, maternal death, sterility
Treatment: antibiotics

18. Other symptoms appear--
Syphilis
Primary
Chancre appears at
site of infection
Transmission: contact with rash or chancre
Symptoms: (at left)
Time to onset: days
Pregnancy: perinatal infection may cause blindness or infant death
Diagnosis: blood tests
Treatment: antibiotics very effective
Secondary
Other symptoms appear--
rashes, fever, fatigue
Latent Phase
No Symptoms
Late Phase
Damage to nervous
system and death

19. Viral STDs: Genital herpes, Genital warts, Hepatitis A, B and C, and HIV.

20. Herpes (HSV) HSV-1 HSV-2 Cold sores Oral-genital frequent
Genital lesions Genital-oral infrequent

21. Genital Herpes (HSV) Transmission: skin to skin
Symptoms: Prodrome--tingling in legs, buttocks or groin Lesion--itching, blister at infection site; Recurrences vary in frequency and severity
Time to onset: 2-20 days
Pregnancy: 5% transmission when lesions present
Diagnosis: culture, antibody test
Treatment: symptom relief; antivirals effective

22. HPV (Human Papilloma Virus) “Genital Warts”
About 30 Types of Genital HPV
4 types related to cervical/anal Cancer
Genital Warts

23. HPV (Human Papilloma Virus) “Genital Warts”
Transmission: skin to skin contact; not dependent on visible warts
Symptoms: fleshy “warts” on genitals, perineum, anus; some strains cause no visible symptoms
Time to onset: 1-20 months
Pregnancy: perinatal infection possible
Diagnosis: observation, PAP detects dysplasia
Treatment: remove visible warts

25. Vaginitis “vaginal infection”
Trichomonas
Bacterial vaginosis (BV)
Yeast infections
Diagnosis of all vaginitis confirmed by microscopic examination

26. Trichomonas, aka “Trich” (parasite)
Transmission: sexual contact, shared clothes
Symptoms:
-women: itching, burning, “fishy” discharge
-men: usually asymptomatic, but can transmit
Treatment: oral medication

27. Vaginosis (bacteria) Caused by overgrowth of normal bacteria
Symptoms: itching, burning, frothy discharge
Time to Onset: varies
Treatment: antibiotics or vaginal cream

28. Yeast infection (fungi)
Caused by overgrowth of common vaginal fungi
Symptoms: itching, burning, “cottage cheese” discharge
Treatment: vaginal cream or oral medication

29. Scabies (parasite) Transmission: sexual contact, clothes, touching
Symptoms: itchy rash, especially at night
Time to onset: 2-6 weeks from first exposure
Diagnosis: microscopic examination of skin scrapings
Treatment: creams and lotions

30. Pubic Lice, aka “Crabs” (parasite)
Transmission: sexual contact, clothes, sheets
Symptoms: redness and itching in hairy areas
Diagnosis: seen easily by naked eye
Treatment: lotion, clothes/sheets washed in hot water

31. HIV/STD Hotline (206) 205-7837 Last Questions
HIV/STD Hotline
(206)