1. Rock Art Stability Index Overall Panel Scoring Ron Dorn Arizona State University Ron Dorn Arizona State University

9. Scale and Consistency

11. Excellent Condition: Why?  Basalt talus tends to display very little evidence of weathering and erosion  Largest issues are plant growth near panel, some scaling of the rock, and detachment of the rock varnish  Step 6 (Vandalism) is of minor concern because site is at the Deer Valley Rock Art Center  Largest issues are plant growth near panel, some scaling of the rock, and detachment of the rock varnish  Step 6 (Vandalism) is of minor concern because site is at the Deer Valley Rock Art Center

13. Good Condition: Why?  Silicified dolomite bedrock has few weaknesses for weathering to get a foothold  Largest issues are plant growth near panel, some scaling of the rock, and detachment of the rock varnish  Step 6 (Vandalism) is of minor concern because site is on private land with a site steward  Largest issues are plant growth near panel, some scaling of the rock, and detachment of the rock varnish  Step 6 (Vandalism) is of minor concern because site is on private land with a site steward

14. Score 28 Score 28

15. Good Condition Why?  Largest issues are fissures that are from lava flow generation and cooling, and collapse of tumuli separating the top layers from the rest of the flow  Scaling, anthropogeni c activity also issues  Largest issues are fissures that are from lava flow generation and cooling, and collapse of tumuli separating the top layers from the rest of the flow  Scaling, anthropogeni c activity also issues

17. Problems: Why?  Despite strong granite rock, abundant fissures (joints)  Largest issues are granular distintegration, fissuresol wedging, undercutting, and lichens  Step 6 (Vandalism) is a substantial concern because site is in a metropolitan area and is receives heavy visitation  Largest issues are granular distintegration, fissuresol wedging, undercutting, and lichens  Step 6 (Vandalism) is a substantial concern because site is in a metropolitan area and is receives heavy visitation

18. Stage 6 could add 20 points to reflec t vandalis m concern Stage 6 could add 20 points to reflec t vandalis m concern 30 (raw score) + 20 = 50 30 (raw score) + 20 = 50

20. Problems: Why?  Largest issues are weakness of the sandstone, development and then flaking of the weathering rind, and splintering along bedding planes

21. Problems – Score 33

22. Why problems with this panel?  Also flaking, granular disintegration, salt efflorescence, detachment of the pictograph paint  Large issues are scaling, undercutting  Site manager might put this site in “great danger” because of visitor use abrade panels  Large issues are scaling, undercutting  Site manager might put this site in “great danger” because of visitor use abrade panels

24. Great Dangers: Biggest Issues Fluvial Abrasion Salt Efflorescence Flaking of Weak Sandstone

26. Severe Dangers: A host of issues Lots of fissures, weak rock, wedging by fissuresols, plant growth, scaling, splintering, undercutting, development and erosion of weathering rinds, crumbling of rock under lichens, granular disintegration, flaking, detachment of rock coatings, scaling, chalking, graffiti, and salt efflorescence

28. Display Informatio n

29. Rock Art Stability Index Overall Panel Scoring Ron Dorn Arizona State University Ron Dorn Arizona State University