1. Molecules of Cells

2. Life is Based on Carbon Outer shell half full (4 e - ) Organic Compounds = Contain C (and H)

3. Hydrocarbons Compounds of only C and H Carbon skeleton (structural formula) –Straight Ethane C CH HH H HH

4. Hydrocarbons Compounds of only C and H Carbon skeleton (structural formula) –Straight –Branched Isobutane CC H H CH H H H C H HH H

5. Hydrocarbons Compounds of only C and H Carbon skeleton (structural formula) –Straight –Branched –Double bonds CC H CH H H H C H H H CC H CH H H H C H H H 1-butane2-butane

6. Hydrocarbons Compounds of only C and H Carbon skeleton (structural formula) –Straight –Branched –Double bonds –Rings C C H C HH H C HH benzene CC

7. Functional Groups Hydroxyl group (-O-H) –Alcohols C CH HH H OHH ethyl alcohol

8. Functional Groups Hydroxyl group (-OH) Carbonyl group (CO-) –Aldehyde C C H HH H HH propanol C O

9. Functional Groups Hydroxyl group (-OH) Carbonyl group (CO-) –Aldehyde –Keytone C C HH H OH acetone C H H

10. Functional Groups Hydroxyl group (-OH) Carbonyl group (CO-) Carboxyl group (-COOH) C OH O

11. Functional Groups Hydroxyl group (-OH) Carbonyl group (CO-) Carboxyl group (-COOH) Amino group (-NH 2 ) N H H

12. Macromolecules Polymers (Gr. many parts) Monomers (single parts) Hierarchical organization –Structure = function –Uniqueness of organsims

13. Dehydration Synthesis Linking molecules by removing H 2 O HOH H + H 2 OH

14. Hydrolysis Adding H 2 O to break bonds between molecules HOH H + H 2 OH

15. Carbohydrates Monosaccharides –Single carbohydrate units –Formula = (X)CH 2 O Glucose = C 6 H 12 O 6 –Hydroxal group - OH –Carbonyl group –COH –Combine to form polysaccharides Straight chain

16. Glucose Straight chain

17. Disaccharides

18. Polysaccharides

19. Cellulose Most abundant organic polymer on earth. Glucose polymer Undigestable by most animals –Hooked together differently –Symbiotic relationship

20. Lipids Energy storage Molecule Mainly C & H atoms –Nonpolar –Hydrphobic Fatty acid molecules –General formula = (CH 2 )n –Carbon chain attached to carboxyl group

21. Fatty Acids

22. Triglycerides

23. Other Types – Phospholipids

24. Steroids

25. Cholesterol

26. Waxes Have only 1 fatty acid More hydrophobic (Structure-function) Nature’s waterprofer

27. Proteins Structural building blocks of life 7 Classes –Structural –Contractile –Storage –Defense –Transport –Signaling –Enzymes

28. Building Blocks of Proteins

29. Amino Acid Structure

30. Peptide Bonds & Protein Structure

31. Secondary Protein Structure

32. Tertiary Protein Structure

33. Quarternary Protein Structure

34. Protein Denaturation

35. Nucleic Acids

36. Polynucleotides

37. Ribose and Deoxyribose