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The Cold War at Home I.Post-war Anxieties A.Communism B.The Bomb C.Conformity II. Cold War Liberalism A.The New Deal Status Quo B.Critics-- The Elections of 1948 and 1952 III.The Communist Party of the US IV.The Great Fear A.Laws and Institutions B.Targets--Artists, Government C.Effects
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Anxiety Fear of subversion Fear of science Fear of destruction Fear of conformity
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Election of 1948 Strom Thurmond States’ Rights Henry Wallace Progressive Party Thomas Dewey Republican Party Harry Truman Democratic Party
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Truman defeats Dewey Truman wins without his left and right wings Affirms New Deal Status Quo
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Election of 1952 Eisenhower defeats Adlai Stevenson Ike is relatively moderate
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Paul Robeson Rutgers, Columbia Law –Star athlete –Valedictorian of his class Stage and film performer Visits USSR in 1934
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Legal Apparatus Smith Act, 1940 –crime to advocate revolution Dennis v. United States, 1951 –upholds Smith Act convictions Internal Security Act, 1950 –registration, deportation of radicals McCarran-Walter Immigration Act, 1952 –restricts immigration of radicals
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Federal Bureau of Investigation J. Edgar Hoover Card index with 450,000 names, 60,000 bios In 1959 Hoover had 489 agents spying on Communists but only 4 investigating the Mafia
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HUAC House Un-American Activities Committee Established 1937 by Martin Dies (D-TX)
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Hollywood 1947-- HUAC investigates Sends 10 to prison Blacklist--Red Channels 320 artists blacklisted –Hammett, Wright, Hellman
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Peekskill Riot Robeson concerts –Aug. and Sept. 1949 Mob Violence
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Alger Hiss Whittaker Chambers Richard Nixon Pumpkin Papers Perjury
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The Rosenbergs Julius and Ethel Communist Party members Her brother worked at Los Alamos Delivered atomic secrets to the USSR Sentenced to death
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McCarthyism Senator Joseph McCarthy Joseph Welch Roy Cohn David Schine
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Climate of Fear People punished for their political beliefs rather than any treasonous behavior. Dampens free exchange of ideas. Communists convicted of conspiring “to teach the overthrow of the US government,” 1949
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