1. Signal Pathways in Eukaryotic Cells Overview

2. Lipid Soluble Hormones

3. Nuclear Receptors Nuclear Receptors For Lipid Soluble Hormones Hsp90

4. Receptors for Extra Cellular Signaling Molecules (Water Soluble or Peptide )

5. More Trans-Membrane Receptors

6. Signal Transduction Systems

7. A Seven-Spanning G-Protein Linked Receptor

8. Activation of a heterotrimeric G-protein Liganded receptor promotes exchange of GDP for GTP in G alpha G alpha dissociates from G beta gamma (both are activated)

9. Activation of Effector Protein(s)

10. Inactivation of G-Protein

11. G-Proteins Can Activate Genes

12. Gs Alpha Activates Adenyl Cyclase

13. Protein Kinase A Phosphorylates CREB

14. Enzyme Linked Receptors:Tyrosine Kinases * * *

15. Liganded Tyrosine Kinase Receptors Dimerize and Auto- Phosphorylate

16. Activated TK Receptors Bind Adapter Proteins Which Regulate GTP Binding Proteins

17. Kinase Cascades Activate Genes & Regulate Proteins

18. The Protein Kinases are Evolutionarily Conserved