1. Crime and Social Deviance Chapter 16

2. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada 16-2 Social Deviance Norms make social life possible Social order Social control

3. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada 16-3 Symbolic Interactionist Perspective Differential Association Theory Families Friends and Neighbourhoods Subcultures Prison or freedom?

4. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada 16-4 Comparing Psychological, Biological, & Sociological Explanations Psychology Personality disorders Biology Genetic predispositions Street crime Sociology Social factors

5. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada 16-5 The Relativity of Social Deviance Social deviance A violation of societal norms Deviance: A relative concept Stigma Master status Crime

6. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada 16-6 Crime & Social Deviance—A Continuum

7. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada 16-7 Symbolic Interactionism Differential association Friends & neighbourhoods Subcultures Prison or freedom

8. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada 16-8 Labelling Theory Techniques of neutralization Denial of responsibility Denial of injury Condemnation of the condemners Appeal to higher loyalties

9. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada 16-9 Labelling Theory Rejecting labels: primary, secondary, and tertiary social deviance Inviting labels: embracing deviance Power of labels: Saints and Roughnecks

10. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada 16-10 The Functionalist Perspective How Deviance Is “Functional” Clarifies moral boundaries Promotes social unity Promotes social change

11. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada 16-11 The Functionalist Perspective Pluralistic theory of social control Strain Theory “cultural goals” “institutionalized means”

12. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada 16-12 The Functionalist Perspective Five Reactions 1. Conformists 2. Innovators 3. Ritualists 4. Retreatists 5. Rebels

13. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada 16-13 Illegitimate Opportunity Theory The relationship between social class and crime Illegitimate opportunity structures: the poor and crime White-collar crime and street crime

14. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada 16-14 The Conflict Perspective Criminal Justice System Police, courts, and prisons The Law as an Instrument of Oppression The Trouble with Official Statistics

15. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada 16-15 The Feminist Perspective Feminist theories and male violence against women Patriarchy Feminist theories and issues of public policy in Canada

16. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada 16-16 Postmodern Theories of Crime & Deviance Youth Crime and the risk of society

17. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada 16-17 The Need for Multiple Theories Each theory helps explain the range of social deviance

18. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada 16-18 The Canadian Criminal Justice System The organization of the court system in Canada Federal authority over the criminal courts

19. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada 16-19 The Organization of the Court System in Canada

20. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada 16-20 Reactions to Social Deviance Sanctions Negative sanctions Positive sanctions Degradation ceremonies Imprisonment

21. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada 16-21 Medicalization of Social Deviance Social deviance as a sign of mental illness Homelessness and mental illness

22. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada 16-22 The Need for a Humane Approach New ways of treating deviance