1. Hawaiian Island Geology
Other evidence of seafloor spreading is the Hawaiian Hot spot

2. volcanoes in a volcanic island arc system
Over 100
volcanoes in a volcanic island arc system
Meiji
(3000 m deep)
Big Island

3. Hawaiian Islands
Niihau
Kauai
Oahu
Molokai
Lanai
Maui
Hawaii

4. Bathymetric Profile of Hawaiian Emperor Chain

5. J. Tuzo Wilson (1963), a Canadian geophysicist ,came up the "hotspot" theory.
volcanoes of the Hawaiian chain should get progressively older and become more eroded the farther they travel beyond the hotspot.
Pacific Plate
Kauai
(oldest)
Oahu
Maui
Hawaii
(youngest)

6. Age of Hawaiian Islands

7. Movement of Hawaiian Islands
Moves in a northwesterly direction
Much of the Hawaiian island arc is
underwater and extends toward Midway

8. WE’VE GOT HOT SPOTS ALL OVER THE PLACE
Other examples of hot spots include:
Cape Verde (off the coast of Senegal), Galapagos Islands (off the coast of Equator), Society Islands (French Polynesia), Tristan da Cunha (southern Atlantic), Yellowstone, Ethiopia Plateau, Lord How (near Sydney), Iceland, and many more.

9. Movement away from hotspot
Older islands erode and subside

10. Aging islands and coral:
Drilling and removing core sample
C14 dating

13. Darwin’s Theory of Coral Atoll Formation: Subsidence Theory
Fringing Reef- boarders coastline closely
Island subsides
Barrier Reef- separated from
land by a lagoon
Atoll- coral ring with central lagoon
lagoon is a shallow area with a sandy floor, patch reefs, and patches of seagrass

14. Fringing Reef- Tahiti

15. Fringing Reef
Shoreline
Reef Flat
Reef Front

16. Barrier Reef Profile

17. Australia- Great Barrier Reef

18.                                                             
Kaneohe Bay
Barrier Reef
Patch Reef
Fringing Reef

19. Reef Flat of a barrier reef
Lagoon
Reef Flat of a Barrier Reef
Reef Flat of a barrier reef
Coral Island
(Cay or Motu)
Reef Flat
Reef Front
Open Ocean

20. Cross Section of an Atoll

21. Belize- Blue Hole
Atoll

22. Midway Atoll
Kure Atoll (28° 25' N - 178° 20' W)
Pearl & Hermes Atoll

23. Inquiry The oldest seamount in the Hawaiian Emperor Chain is _____?
What direction are our islands moving?
What seamount will be the newest Hawaiian Island?
Key features of a barrier reef are_____?
When an atoll subsides it often forms a _____?