1. Similarities between photophosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation
ATP synthesis is driven by H+ gradient
H+ gradient formation H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ e-
Proton
pump e- e-
ATP
synthase
Energy from electrons is used for H+ translocation
ATP H+
ADP+Pi

2. Differences between photophosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation
Energy source: electrons
NADH
FADH2
Energy source: light H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ e-
Proton
pump
NADP+
NADPH O2
H2O
ATP
synthase
ATP H+ H+
By-product: water
ADP+Pi
By-product: electrons

4. (photophosphorylation)
Photosynthesis:
The light reactions
(photophosphorylation)

5. Chlorophyll (or other pigments) absorbs light energy and conserve it as ATP and NADPH.
Not all photosynthetic organisms use H2O as electron donor in photosynthesis; thus not all of them produce O2 while they produce ATP and NADPH.
There are two types of photosynthesis: oxygenic (producing oxygen) photosynthesis and anoxygenic (not producing oxygen) photosynthesis. Only organisms with two photosystems can do oxygenic photosynthesis.
At lease half of the photosynthsis in this world is done by microorganisms (algae, photosynthetic eukaryotes and photosynthetic bacteria).

6. p724

7. Outer membrane
Thylakoid membrane
(lamellae)
Inner membrane
grana
lumen
stroma

9. Chloroplast has photosystems with closely arranged chlorophyll

10. Cyanobacteria & red algae also contain similar structures called phycobilisome to facilitate light absorption
p727

11. The major light absorbing pigment in higher plants
Alternating single and double bonds give strong absorption in the visible light
p726

12. The accessory pigment in bacteria and algae

13. What wavelength of light chlorophyll absorbs?

14. Chlorophylls can cover part of the spectrum – blue and red

15. The part of spectrum covered by chlorophylls coincides with the action spectrum of photosynthesis

16. Accessory pigment: the red-orange -carotene

17. Accessory pigment: lutein (the red-orange isoprenoid)

18. b-carotene and lutein can help plant absorb more light

19. Phycoerythrin and phycocyanin can absorb light that other pigments cannot absorb

20. Anoxygenic photosynthesis
(ferredoxin)
(pheophytin)
(restore RC to original state)
(restore RC to original state)
(PSII)
(PSI)
p731

21. The Z scheme of oxygenic photosynthesis
(special form of chlorophyll)
(phylloquinone)
(pheophytin)
(plastoquinone)
Green bacteria type
Purple bacteria type
p733

22. (A1)

23. PSI and PSII on thylakoid membrane are separated to prevent Excition Larceny
LHCII holds grana together
p736

24. Granal stacking by LHCII is regulated by light intensity
High light
[PQH2]
[PQ]
Low light
[PQH2]
[PQ]
ATP
Protein
PPase
Protein
kinase
LHCII
-Thr-OH
-Thr- P
ADP Pi
nonappressed
appressed

25. Cytochrome b6f complex
p737

27. Oxidative phosphorylation and photophosphorylation has something in common in cyanobacteria

28. Oxygen-evolving complex (water-splitting complex)D2 D1 QA QB Fe
Pheo
Pheo
P680 e e e e
Tyr e e e e Mn e e Mn
4H+ O2 e e e e e Mn e Mn
2H2O
Oxygen-evolving complex
(water-splitting complex)
p739

29. N P
p741

30. N N N
p742

31. bacteriorhodopsin
p744

32. All-trans-retinal
13-cis-retinol
Proton transport

33. Chloroplast from higher plants is probably evolved from endosymbiotic bacteria (prochlorophytes)
Chloroplast from red algae is probably evolved from cyanobacteria
p1062

34. p723