1. Writing Systems 1. Types of Writing Systems –Logographic (Morphographic) –Syllabic –Alphabetic 2. Origin of Writing 3. Development 4. Spread

2. 1. Types of Writing System Logographic 1 symbol = 1 word or morpheme Mandarin Chinese 我們 喜歡學語言學 Wo.men xihuanxueyuyanxue. I.Pl enjoystudylinguistics “We enjoy studying linguistics.”

3. Syllabic 1 symbol = 1 syllable Japanese べ た べ た (hiragana) be ta be ta ‘sticky’ ア メ リ カ (katakana) a me ri ka‘America/US’

4. Alphabetic 1 symbol = 1 phoneme Korean ㅎㅏㄴㄱㅡㄹ hank ɯ l 한글 hank ɯ l ‘Korean’‘writing’

5. 2. Origin of Writing pictorial sign(picture of plow) object(plow)

6. pictorial sign objectname of object ‘plow’, ‘to plow’, ‘plowman’

7. pictorial sign name of object apin ‘plow’

8. Origin of Sumerian Cuneiform

9. Early Chinese Characters

10. 3. Development: Rebus Principle

11. Rebus Principle and Chinese Characters 勿 wu‘animal’ 勿 wuNegative imperative 非禮勿視 Feiliwushi. be.notLido.notlook ‘If it does not adhere to Li do not look at it!’

12. Graphic ambiguity: 勿 wu‘animal’ 勿 wuNegative imperative => Create new character 牛 ‘ox’ > Semantic classifier 牛 + 勿 > 物 wu‘animal’

13. 牛 + 岡 > 犅 gang‘cow’ 牛 + 生 > 牲 sheng‘domestic animal’ 牛 + 羲 > 犧 xi‘sacrificial animal’

14. 4. Spread of Writing

15. Cuneiform Borrowed as Syllabary: Old Persian

16. Japanese Syllabaries from Chinese Characters ChineseHiragana 安あ a 加か ka 世せ se 天て te 乃の no 不ふ fu 呂ろ ro

17. Manyoshu: Chinese characters used for sound and meaning value 世間乎何物爾 Yononaka=wonani=ni world=Accwhat=Dat 将譬 tatohe-mu? compare-should “To what should I compare this world?”

18. Content words used for meaning value: 世間 ‘world’ > yononaka 何物 ‘what’ > nani 将譬 ‘should compare’ > tatohemu Function words used for sound value: 乎 >Accusative case wo 爾 >Dative case ni

19. Logograms to Alphabet: Phoenician

20. Phoenician to Greek: Vowels Added