1. H CH5: mate calling in crickets H CH6: flight in locusts H CH7: escape behavior in crayfish PART 3: MOTOR STRATEGIES SUMMARY

2. H cancellation H suppression / cancellation of competing signals H e.g., crayfish tailflip circuitry – trigger of giant fiber H activates fast flexion circuitry H cancels extension & other postural responses H e.g., locust – flight H excitatory signals  wing elevators H inhibitory signals  wing depressors H reciprocal inhibition SUMMARY: MOTOR STRATEGIES

3. H proprioception H 1 of 2 classes of sensory input  motor systems (the other is exteroceptor) H feedback from biomechanical system being driven H e.g., locust – flight, 3 classes give info about H position H degree of activation SUMMARY: MOTOR STRATEGIES

4. H response topography H behavior can be multidimentional H duration of stimulus  magnetude of behavior is 1 type of relationship we can consider H input – output feature of behavior H eliciting stimulus can  behavior that is H graded, e.g., locust – tegulae / wing hinge H all-or-none, e.g., crayfish tailflip H reflect neuronal architecture of system SUMMARY: MOTOR STRATEGIES

5. H central pattern generators (CPGs) H underlies most rhythmic circuits  behavior H all 3 examples in part 3 H does not rely on phasic sensory feedback H no timing or patterning information in trigger H CPG neurons must be H rhythmically activated H appropriately connected in system H must pass reset test H some peripheral neurons also part of CPG system H e.g., locust – proprioceptors H CRG = stable oscillatory core CPG + peripheral input SUMMARY: MOTOR STRATEGIES

6. H shared circuitry H overlap in neural circuits H all 3 examples in part 3 H e.g., cricket – wings for flight, song, courtship H motor neural circuits can be reconfigured by modulatory influences  adaptive behavior SUMMARY: MOTOR STRATEGIES

7. H sequence integration H feed-back & feed-forward mechanisms H proper integration of behavior in space & time H cancellation is 1 such mechanism H e.g., locust – DDN signals gated by CPG H behavior occurs in context of other motor activity H e.g., cricket – wings elevated for stridulation H actions integrated with ongoing behavior  adaptive output SUMMARY: MOTOR STRATEGIES

8. H written, 15% of final grade H assigned (web page) @: 6 pm T.3.27 H due (eMail) @: 3 pm R.3.29 H send to: steven.debelle@unlv.edu H subject line: e2 lastname,initial (e2 Smith, J) H attach: MS word document only H file name: e2 lastname initial.doc (e2 Smith J.doc) 2 nd MIDTERM EXAM

9. H 3 questions, answer them all H use proper English sentences H maximum 200 words / question H you need to be concise & efficient H organize ideas into sections (no headings) H introduction (1 sentence) H body (~4 – 8 sentences) H conclusion (1 sentence) H references (not included in word count) 2 nd MIDTERM EXAM

10. H where should you get your information? H text book, lecture notes H other literature H not the web H discussion of your ideas with others is encouraged 2 nd MIDTERM EXAM

11. H how should you write your answers? H your ideas, in your own words H sentences or even parts of sentences may not be lifted verbatim from… H any source (including me) H any other student in the class H this will be controlled electronically 2 nd MIDTERM EXAM

12. H suggested strategy H collect relevant literature H read several times, make plenty of notes H identify critical ideas for addressing the question H assemble ideas in logical order H make an outline… determine what the content of each sentence will be H write a rough draft… take a break H write at least two more revisions... send it 2 nd MIDTERM EXAM

13. H how should you site your sources? H ideas are referenced in text… e.g., “Parallel processed auditory signals are reassembled in the auditory cortex of the owl (1).” H at the end of each answer, list each sited piece of literature, in the order they were used, as follows: H books: 1. Smith, J. and Jones, S. (2006) Owls, Prentice Hall, New York, pp. 345-347.  pages where info was taken H chapters: 1. Smith, J. (2006) Auditory neurobiology of Barn Owls, in Owls (Jones, S., ed.), Prentice Hall, New York, pp. 32-74. H papers: 1. Smith, J. and Jones, S. (2006) Owls, Nature, 432, 123-8. 2 nd MIDTERM EXAM