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McGraw-Hill/Irwin ©2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, All Rights Reserved SECTION 7.1 NETWORKS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS.

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Presentation on theme: "McGraw-Hill/Irwin ©2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, All Rights Reserved SECTION 7.1 NETWORKS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS."— Presentation transcript:

1 McGraw-Hill/Irwin ©2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, All Rights Reserved SECTION 7.1 NETWORKS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS

2 7-2 NETWORK BASICS Telecommunication system - enable the transmission of data over public or private networks Network - a communications, data exchange, and resource-sharing system created by linking two or more computers and establishing standards, or protocols, so that they can work together

3 7-3 NETWORK BASICS The three types of networks include: –Local area network (LAN) –Metropolitan area network (MAN) –Wide area network (WAN)

4 7-4 NETWORK BASICS

5 7-5 NETWORK BASICS Networks are differentiated by: –Architecture - peer-to-peer, client/server –Topology - bus, star, ring, hybrid, wireless –Protocols - Ethernet, Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) –Media - coaxial, twisted-pair, fiber-optic

6 7-6 ARCHITECTURE There are two primary types of architectures. –Peer-to-peer (P2P) network No central server Client/server network One central Server Many Workstations (Clients) Most software runs on the Server. Client runs software interfaces.

7 7-7 Peer-to-Peer Networks Peer-to-peer (P2P) network - any network without a central file server and in which all computers in the network have access to the public files located on all other workstations

8 7-8 Client/Server Networks Client - a computer that is designed to request information from a server Server - a computer that is dedicated to providing information in response to external requests –Client/server network - model for applications in which the bulk of the back-end processing takes place on a server, while the front-end processing is handled by the clients

9 7-9 Client/Server Networks Network operating system (NOS) - the operating system that runs a network, steering information between computers and managing security and users Packet-switching - occurs when the sending computer divides a message into a number of efficiently sized units called packets, each of which contains the address of the destination computer Router - an intelligent connecting device that examines each packet of data it receives and then decides which way to send it onward toward its destination

10 7-10 Client/Server Networks Client/Server network

11 7-11 TOPOLOGY Network topology - refers to the geometric arrangement of the actual physical organization of the computers and other network devices) in a network –Bus –Star –Ring –Hybrid –Wireless

12 7-12 TOPOLOGY

13 7-13 PROTOCOLS Protocol - a standard that specifies the format of data as well as the rules to be followed during transmission Interoperability - the capability of two or more computer systems to share data and resources, even though they are made by different manufacturers

14 7-14 Ethernet Ethernet - a physical and data layer technology for LAN networking

15 7-15 Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) - provides the technical foundation for the public Internet as well as for large numbers of private network

16 7-16 Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol TCP/IP applications –File transfer protocol (FTP) –Simple mail transfer protocol (SMTP) –Hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) –Simple network management protocol (SNMP)

17 7-17 Voice over IP (VoIP) Voice over IP (VoIP) - uses TCP/IP technology to transmit voice calls over long-distance telephone lines

18 7-18 MEDIA Network transmission media - refers to the various types of media used to carry the signal between computers –Wire media (guided) –Wireless media (unguided)

19 7-19 Wire Media Wire media - transmission material manufactured so that signals will be confined to a narrow path and will behave predictably Three most commonly used types include: 1.Twisted-pair wiring 2.Coaxial cable 3.Fiber optic (or optical fiber)

20 7-20 E-BUSINESS NETWORKS Virtual private network (VPN) - a way to use the public telecommunication infrastructure (e.g., Internet) to provide secure access to an organization’s network Valued-added network (VAN) - a private network, provided by a third party, for exchanging information through a high capacity connection

21 McGraw-Hill/Irwin ©2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, All Rights Reserved SECTION 7.2 WIRELESS COMPUTING

22 7-22 WIRELESS FIDELITY (WI-FI) Wireless fidelity (wi-fi) – a means of linking computers using infrared or radio signals Common examples of wireless devices include: –Cellular phones and pagers –Global positioning systems (GPS) –Cordless computer peripherals –Home-entertainment-system control boxes –Two-way radios –Satellite television

23 7-23 WIRELESS FIDELITY (WI-FI) Disruptive wireless technologies –WiMax wireless broadband –Radio frequency identification tags (RFID) –Micro hard drives –Apple’s G5 and AMD’s Athlon 64 processors

24 7-24 The Value of Timely Information Timeliness is an aspect of information that depends on the situation –Real-time information – immediate, up-to- date information –Real-time system – provides real-time information in response to query requests

25 7-25 BUSINESS DRIVERS FOR WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES Mobile and wireless are often used synonymously, but actually denote two different technologies –Mobile technology - means the technology can travel with the user, but it is not necessarily in real-time –Wireless technology - gives users a live (Internet) connection via satellite or radio transmitters

26 7-26 Bluetooth Bluetooth – an omnidirectional wireless technology that provides limited-range voice and data transmission over the unlicensed 2.4-GHz frequency band, allowing connections with a wide variety of fixed and portable devices that normally would have to be cabled together

27 7-27 Radio Frequency Identification Radio frequency identification (RFID) - use active or passive tags in the form of chips or smart labels that can store unique identifiers and relay this information to electronic readers RFID tag - contains a microchip and an antenna, and typically work by transmitting a serial number via radio waves to an electronic reader, which confirms the identity of a person or object bearing the tag

28 7-28 RFID

29 7-29 RFID

30 7-30 Satellite Microwave transmitter – commonly used to transmit network signals over great distances

31 7-31 Global Positioning System Global positioning system (GPS) – a device that determines current latitude, longitude, speed, and direction of movement –Market for GPS services is at $5 billion with expectations for the demand to double over the next five years Geographic information system (GIS) – designed to work with information that can be shown on a map

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