1. The United States: New Imperial Power?
When did U.S empire start?
Westward expansion and “manifest destiny”?
The Monroe Doctrine? [1823]
Expansion beyond the continent?
1867: Alaska
1875: Hawaii
1899: Philippines, Guam, PR, Cuba

2. The Monroe Doctrine 1823
A warning to European powers to stay out of the Western Hemisphere
Became the justification for interventions in Central and South America

3. The Americas in the Age of Independence: Key Points
Manifest Destiny: Territorial Expansion
Conflicts with Indigenous Peoples
Constitutional Issues in N.Am.-Civil War, states rights
Constitutional Issues in Latin Am: how to govern, the caudillos
Economic Development in N. America: industrialism, immigration
Economic colonialism and dependency in Latin America.

5. “Greater America”
“An American Lake”

6. The Spanish-American War 1898-99
U.S. supported anti-colonial efforts against Spain in PR and Cuba
1898 Maine exploded in Havana harbor
U.S. defeated Spain and took control of PR, Cuba, Philippines, Guam
Teddy Roosevelt during the
Spanish-American War

7. Japan: from nearly colonized to colonizer
Commodore Matthew Perry sent to Japan 1853
Returned to Japan 1854
Japan signed “unequal treaties” with the U.S., Britain, others
1868 samurai government fell “Revere the emperor, expel the barbarians.”
Commodore Matthew Perry

8. A gift from Perry
The “Black Ships”

9. The “Meiji Restoration”
In thirty years, Japan
Industrialized
Created a modern military
Established a national education system
Created a modern infrastructure
“Modernized” politics and society
“Westernization with anti-Western objectives.”

10. “Enlightened man”
“Half-enlightened
man”
“Unenlightened
man”

11. How the Japanese emperor got new clothes…
Meiji Emperor, 1860s

12. Meiji Emperor, 1872

13. The Sino-Japanese War 1895-96
Japan went to war with China in Korea over influence over Korea
Japan won:
Unequal treaty with China
Taiwan became Japan’s first colony

14. The Russo-Japanese War 1904-05
Japan went to war with Russia over Korea and Manchuria
Japan won:
Influence in Manchuria
Korea became Japanese colony
The first Asian country to defeat a Western power

15. Asia by 1914….

16. Comparing China and Japan
China was a larger “target” of colonizing efforts
Japan was much smaller and able to unify itself against outside threat
Japan’s emperor became a symbol of modernization; China’s became a symbol of backwardness

17. Anti-colonial nationalism
National identity based on opposition to colonial rule
“In almost all cases the leaders of [anti-colonial movements] were European-educated elites who absorbed Enlightenment values and then turned those values into an attack on European colonial rule in foreign lands.” TE
Gandhi
Ho Chi Minh