2. 1. Economic 2. Transportation 3. Defence 4. Political

3.  Canals, Lakes, Rivers, and Railways were used to transport goods to major ports. › then they could be shipped to Britain or USA  Large gaps existed in railway system which prevented Intercolonial trade.  Grand Trunk Railway › If railways were extended from NS to Toronto then fish could get to markets

4. Manufactured goods to Nova Scotia Passenger traffic would improve as well. Large sums of $$ needed.

5.  Banks in England would only lend money if colonies were united  They feel this is the safest way to get repayment on loans.

6. Colonies want to improve intercolonial trade BUT need money to complete railway Banks want to secure their loans Colonies joining together seemed like a requirement for completing the Intercolonial Railway

7.  BNA had defended itself in 1812 war against USA  However by the 1850s Britain began to pull its troops out of the colonies › $$$$$$$$$ › They were also at war with Russia in the Crimean.  Too many colonies to have a coherent defence strategy › SINGLE COUNTRY = better defence

9.  Fenians were an Irish organization that used arms to try and gain independence from Britain  During Great Migration 2 million Irish came to North America.  Organized in Northern United States and supported by some USA politicians  Some small raids but overall, not real threat (Pigeon Hill) Assassination of Darcy McGee

10.  North (Union) V. South (Confederates)  1861- British Warship stopped by Union warship and two confederates found on board.  Confederacy officials used Montreal, Toronto as bases to organize plots against the Union.  Clear by 1864 Union armies were going to win.

11.  Would the US want to settle score with BNA?  What to do with a standing army of 65 000 men (battled hardened)  Manifest Destiny: The Belief that the USA had a DUTY to take over the land of North America › This includes Mexico as well

12.  When the Canadas had been untied they were each given the same number of seats. Equal Representation Colony1851 Census1861 CensusSeats in Legislature Canada East890 2611 111 56665 Canada West952 0041 396 09165

13.  Representation by Population Colony1851 Census1861 CensusSeats in Legislature Canada East890 2611 111 56665 Canada West952 0041 396 09181

14.  George Brown (Canada West)  J. A. Macdonald (Canada West)  George-Etienne Cartier (Canada East)

15.  Leading supporter of REP by Pop  Owned the Globe, a leading Toronto Newspaper  Entered Politics in 1851  Great Speaker

16.  Lawyer from Montreal who entered politics in 1848  Opposed REP By POP  Did not get along with George Brown  Basic argument was that French peoples were already a Minority.  Feared English society would pass laws harmful to French Society

17.  Lawyer from Kingston › Had reputation for fairness and political Skill › Entered politics 1844.  Realized that Cartier wanted protection for French Canadians rights, language, customs.  Therefore, he saw that both Brown and Cartier could get what they wanted.

18.  What is Proportional Representation? P47

19.  Women › Although some of their ideas might have been brought up through their husbands  First Nations › Not British subjects › No ownership of land