1. Crocker, Kowalski, Graham, Kowalski
Emotion in Sport
Crocker, Kowalski, Graham, Kowalski

2. Definitions
Emotions: complex psychophysiological states of limited duration that have adaptive functions.
Quick onset.
Short duration.
Common perceptual or cognitive appraisal antecedents.
Distinctive physiological or neurological patterns.
Distinctive subjective feelings (affect).
Distinctive physical expressions.

3. Definitions Mood: diffused, global, subjective feeling state.
Longer duration.
No emotion-defining attributes (facial expressions, specific physiological patterns, specific cognitive appraisals absent).
Relationship to something is key.

4. Definitions
Affect: subjective feeling state that can be pleasant or unpleasant, varies in intensity, often associated with preceding thoughts and subsequent actions.
Short  Long term.

5. Definitions
Temperament: stable individual differences in how people experience and express emotions.
Often called trait in ESS.

6. Competing Views of Emotion
Evolutionary Perspective (Darwin)
Emotion = Physiology (Toe tapping)
Social Construction (Federer)
Cognitive Theories
Attribution Theory
Cognitive Motivational Relational Theory

7. Attribution Theory Stability Locus Unstable Stable Ability Aptitude
Intelligence
Health/illness
Effort
Practice
Internal
Locus
Task difficulty
Teammate’s ability
Coach’s ability
Officials
Luck
Weather
External

8. Cognitive Motivational Relational
Lazarus: emotions arise as a joint product of personality and environment.
Primary Appraisal…
Secondary Appraisal…
7 key factors identified.

9. 7 Key Factors Ego Involvement Fate of Personal Goals Appraisal
Personal Meaning
Provocation
Action Tendency
Coping

10. Action Theory
The emphasis is on the concept of emotions having benefits or costs NOT being inherently positive or negative.
Must agree w/ Lazarus’ person-environment interaction to support Action Theory.
Self-Regulative & Social-Regulative

11. Individual Zones of Optimal Functioning
We all have different levels of functioning that we utilize and performances are not equal across those levels among athletes.