1. Taiz and Zeiger – Chapter 16, Smith et al. – Chapter 5
Vegetative Development of Plants
HORT 301 – Plant Physiology
December 4, 2009
Taiz and Zeiger – Chapter 16, Smith et al. – Chapter 5
Three basic stages of plant development are embryogenesis, vegetative growth/development and reproductive growth/development
Smith et al. (2010) Plant Biology

2. Genetic programs regulate plant development
Plant development is affected also by the environment
Smith et al. (2010) Plant Biology

3. Pollination and embryogenesis leads to seed development
Hartmann et al. Plant Propagation 2002

4. Graham et al. 2006, Plant Biology
Asymmetric and symmetric cell divisions are involved in embryogenesis
Double fertilization causes the formation of the zygote and endosperm
Graham et al. (2006) Plant Biology
Graham et al. 2006, Plant Biology

5. Stages of embryogenesis
Smith et al. (2020) Plant Biology
Plant Biology (2010) Smith et al

6. Coordinated program is responsible for embryo development

7. Auxin is a primary regulator of embryogenesis
Auxin movement and accumulation establishes polarity that regulates cell patterning
Proembyro
Prosuspensor

8. Genes involved in embryogenesis
Axial patterning

9. Radial patterning
WOODEN LEG (WOL) encodes a cytokinin receptor and regulates phloem development, wol – no proto-phloem

10. scr Ground tissue (cortex and endodermis) development
scr – cortex and endodermis are disturbed (merged)
shr – no endodermis
wol – no phloem
scr

11. Seed development/dormancy and germination is regulated by ABA and GA
Smith et al. (2010) Plant Biology
Plant Biology (2010) Smith et al

12. Repeated unit is leaf, lateral meristem and internode
Shoot apical meristem (SAM) is the progenitor of the repeated unit of the shoot
Repeated unit is leaf, lateral meristem and internode
Smith et al. (2010) Plant Biology
Plant Biology (2010) Smith et al

14. Shoot apical meristem may not be directly affected by auxin

15. Coordination of WUSCHEL (WUS) and CLAVATA 3 (CLV3) expression is indicative of genes that regulate cell patterning during shoot development

16. Shoot apical meristem (SAM) organization and shoot and root development – genetic programs for which numerous important determinants have been identified

17. Polar auxin transport regulates shoot elongation
Smith et al. (2010) Plant Biology
Plant Biology (2010) Smith et al

18. Lateral suppression reduces branching in tomato and maize
Smith et al. (2008) Plant Biology
Plant Biology (2010) Smith et al.

19. Leaf meristem has three developmental axes
Tip to base, radial, and upper (adaxial) and lower (abaxial) surfaces

20. Vertical and horizontal leaf growth
Plant Biology (2010) Smith et al

21. Root apical meristem (RAM) and zonation
Plant Biology (2010) Smith et al

22. Auxin is involved in root apical meristem cell identity and root development

23. Root development

24. Lateral root branching is due to divisions of the pericycle

25. Senescence/and programmed cell death are an aging process
Soybean plants are similar age but flowers were removed from the plant on the right