1. Crime and Deviance

2. Discussion Question: Why do people commit crime? (Identify at least two explanations.)

3. Some definitions: DEVIANCE

4. SOCIAL DEVIATIONS SOCIAL DIVERSIONS

5. CONSENSUS CRIMES

6. CONFLICT CRIMES

7. Deviance and Social Control SOCIAL CONTROL Informal control Formal control

8. CRIME

9. Motivational Theories I There are two main explanations for deviance: MOTIVATIONAL and CONTROL THEORIES. There are three variants of motivational theories: (1)STRAIN THEORIES

10. Motivational Theories II (2) LEARNING THEORIES DIFFERENTIAL ASSOCIATION NEUTRALIZATION

11. Motivational Theories III (3) SUBCULTURAL THEORIES

12. Control Theories

13. Consequences of Deviance DURKHEIM’S IDEAS LABELLING THEORY

14. Durkheim’s Functional Analysis of Punishment

15. Figure 1: “The Common Sense View”. Cause (Independent Variable) Function (Dependent Variable) XY Collective sentiments, values Punishment

16. Durkheim’s Functional Analysis of Punishment Figure 2: “Durkheim’s Non-Obvious Theory”. Cause (Independent Variable) Function (Dependent Variable) XY Collective sentiments, values Punishment

17. Explanations for Crime and Punishment Revisited. The Conservative Argument The Liberal Argument The Radical Argument (Labelling Theory) The Individual/Social Psychological Level The Organizational Level

20. LABELLING: The Individual/Social Psychological Level

21. LABELLING: The Organization Level

22. Merton’s Typology of Deviance

23. Anomie

25. Conformity Innovation

26. Ritualism Retreatism

27. Rebellion

28. Merton’s Typology of Individual Adaptation 1. Conformity 2. Innovation 3. Ritualism 4. Retreatism 5. Rebellion Cultural Goals Institutionalized Means ++ + - + - -- +/- Key: + Signifies acceptance, - signifies rejection, +/- signifies rejection of prevailing values and substitution of new values.