2. Oil Spill Detection and Tracking Technologies Aircraft and Autonomous Aircraft Detection Methods Autonomous Surface Vessel Tracking Methods Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Plume Mapping and Sampling Methods Underwater Acoustic Plume Mapping Methods HF Radar Tracking Methods Manned Submersibles Seismic Plume Mapping Methods: not performed

3. WaveGlider Autonomous Surface Vessel, Liquid Robotics Wave energy provides thrust, surface float = 2m long; glider 7m down Solar energy or batteries power payloads Can travel to remote areas Full satellite comms Variety of sensor options Low operating costs

4. WaveGlider Autonomous Surface Vessel, showing once/min Iridium burst comms position, moving @1 knot, w real-time control

5. Oil Spill Detection and Tracking Technologies: Autonomous Surface Vessels w Fluorometers Weather Station 1 m above water line. Air Temp, Barometric Press, Wind Speed & Direction. Forward dry box with integrated FluorometerArray & support electronics. (0 meters) Optical Dissolved Oxygen Sensor (0 meters) Hydrodynamic enclosure with integrated FluorometerArray, Optical Dissolved Oxygen Sensor, and support electronics. (7 meters)

6. Oil Spill Detection and Tracking Technologies: Autonomous Surface Vessels w Digital or Video Cameras, and image from camera

7. Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Technology: WHOI Sentry

8. Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Technology: WHOI Sentry Mass Spec Plume Map

9. Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Technology: WHOI Jaguar/Puma…has worked worldwide, including under ice in arctic. Includes 3D HDTV, other sensor options. Speed @0.5kt, 24 hr endurance

10. Jaguar/Puma AUV has small shipping footprint, requires team of only 3 operators; are 3 vehicles and teams available. Does not require large ship.

11. Transponders can be used for precise benthic positioning, or AUV can be acoustically tethered (without transponders)

12. Problem: Untrawlable Habitat

13. AUV Can be Used for Essential Fish Habitat Surveys as in the Stellwagen Bank Marine Sanctuary

14. Puma seafloor AUV HD Video quality results

15. Distribution and anemones and sponges at 85°E

16. ROV Ops under ice: First melt a hole

17. Testing the Small ROV

18. ROV Video

19. COVIS: Cable Operated Vent Imaging Sonar at Neptune Observatory, B.C.,uses a Reson 7125 multibeam sonar to measure vent plumes

20. COVIS setup showing range in one mode; range in vertical can be greatly increased by altering scan angles

21. COVIS results on vent plume intensity and velocity

22. HF Surface Current Radar Maps, Zoomed in, satellite view, So.Cal.Coastal Ocean Obs. System

23. HF Radar Surface Current Mapping Records surface currents @every 20 minutes Best if multiple locations along coast are used Ice reflection stronger than surface currents Can discriminate ice movements and surface currents Does best (furthest range) with some seas Range @30-100km depending on seas, radar Requires remote power which has been developed Units can be airlifted in along coast

24. HF Radar Surface Current Mapping In GoM, Louisiana had no HF radars, offer to do emergency install got bogged down in government inter-agency discussions, never happened: could have improved shore party deployments Off Alaska North Slope and Canada coastal coverage is incomplete, but new remote power developments could facilitate gap-filling and emergency deployments Commerical provider taking steps to maintain spare inventory for emergency responses Coverage of Chukchi coast and Bering coasts very spotty / inadequate at present Ice and surface current separate flow studies to date only demonstrated in 2 day study: longer studies would be useful to make these measurements more routine, reliable

25. Manned Submersibles: Deepworker 2000, good to 2000’ used by Harte Res. Inst., Texas & National Geographic Society