1. Volcano Monitoring: MAUNA LOA ( GG130 ) Geophysics (Deformation via GPS and InSAR, Seismicity, etc. )

2. Mauna Loa deformation patterns and sources

10. 2003-2008 Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) – derived deformation: Each color cycle represents ½ of a wavelength’s worth of deformation, and for this particular radar system, the wavelength is 5.6 cm

11. Mauna Loa Seismic Monitoring

12. Mauna Loa Seismic Activity for the past year

13. Mauna Loa Earthquake Density for the past 50 years. 0 2.6 7 18 48 126 324

14. Mauna Loa shallow (<5km) Earthquake Activity for the past 50 years.

15. Mauna Loa shallow (<5km) Earthquake Activity for the past 50 years: More shallow earthquakes recently, or better equipment? Earthquake magnitude

16. Mauna Loa shallow (<5km) Earthquake Activity for the past 50 years. Cumulative number of earthquakes

17. To normalize for differences in earthquake detection thresholds, we can count earthquakes scaled by their relative energy release. Earthquake energy scales by 10 ^(3M/2) (where M is the magnitude). So, a magnitude 4.0 earthquake has the equivalent energy of 10 ^(3/2) ≈ 32 magnitude 3.0 earthquakes

18. Mauna Loa shallow (<5km) Earthquake Activity for the past 50 years. Cumulative m 3.0 equivalent earthquakes

19. Mauna Loa shallow (<5km) Earthquake Activity for the past 50 years. Cumulative m 3.0 equivalent earthquakes