1. Chapter 5: Culture & Community
Copyright 2001 by Allyn and Bacon

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Overview
Today’s Multicultural Classrooms
Social Class Differences
Ethnic & Racial Differences
Women & Men: Differences in the Classroom
Language Differences in the Classroom
Creating Culturally Compatible Classrooms
Bringing It All Together: Teaching Every Student
Copyright 2001 by Allyn and Bacon

3. Concept Map for Chapter 5
Today’s
Multicultural
Classrooms
Bringing it
All Together:
Teaching
Every Student
Culture
and
Community
Social Class
Differences
Creating
Culturally
Compatible
Classrooms
Women & Men:
Differences
in the
Classroom
Ethnic and Racial
Differences
Language
Differences
In the
Classroom
Copyright 2001 by Allyn and Bacon
Copyright 2001 by Allyn and Bacon

4. Today’s Multicultural Classroom
The Melting Pot
Cultural deficit model
Multicultural education alternatives
No ‘best’ approach
The Banks Model
See Figure 5.1, Woolfolk p. 158
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5. Bank’s Dimensions of Multicultural Education
Knowledge
Construction
Process
Content
Integration
Multicultural
Education
Prejudice
Reduction
Equity
Pedagogy
Empowering School
Culture &
Social Structure
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6. American Cultural Diversity
Culture defined
Group membership
Cautions in interpreting cultural differences
Teach individual students, not ethnicity!
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7. Social Class Differences
SES
Wealth, power, background, prestige
Upper, middle, working, lower
‘Poor’ defined
See Table 5.1, Woolfolk p. 160, and Figure 5.2, p. 161
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SES and Achievement
Positive correlation: SES & achievement
Related influences:
Poor health care
Low expectations
Learned helplessness
Peer influences and resistance cultures
Tracking
Childrearing styles
Home environment and resources
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9. Ethnic and Racial Differences
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Definitions
Ethnicity
Race
Minority group
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11. The Changing Demographics: Cultural Differences
Iceberg analogy
Cultural conflicts
Cultural compatibility
Ethnic & racial differences in achievement
Working with families & communities
See Family and Community Partnerships, Woolfolk, p. 169
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12. Ethnic and Racial Differences
Discrimination
Brown court case
Prejudice
Authoritarian personality
Stereotypes and their effects
Combating stereotypes
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13. Females & Males : Differences in the Classroom
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Gender Role Identity
Differences between men & women
Gender versus sex
Androgynous
Gender schemas
Gender-role stereotyping
Gender bias in the curriculum
Sex discrimination in schools
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15. Sex Differences in Mental Abilities
No overall IQ difference
Girls show strength in reading, writing, language, computation
Boys show strength in mathematical, mechanical, and visual information processing
Why the differences?
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16. Eliminating Gender Bias
Check textbooks for gender bias
Watch for unintended biases in your classroom practices
Check for equal opportunities for both sexes in school activities
Use gender free language
Provide role models
See Guidelines, Woolfolk p. 179
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Language Differences
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Dialects
Language difference versus errors
Pronunciation differences
Dialects and teaching
Bilingualism
ESL
LEP
Bilingual education approaches
Transition
Maintain
Research on bilingual programs
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Bilingualism
Effective teaching
See Guidelines, Woolfolk, p. 182 and Table 5.3, p. 185
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20. Creating Culturally Compatible Classrooms
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21. Goals for Cultural Compatibility
Eliminate:
Racism
Sexism
Prejudice
Incorporate:
Equal educational opportunities
Culturally friendly teaching strategies
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Teaching Strategies
Socialization
Learning styles
Appropriate cautions
Sociolinguistics
Participation structures
Misunderstandings
Culturally relevant pedagogy
Focus on academic success
Develop/maintain cultural competence
Develop critical consciousness
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Application Question
How would you lead a discussion group that included Caucasians, African Americans, Native Americans, and Hispanics?
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Reflection Question
Compare and contrast teaching in an inner city school in Chicago with a school on a Navaho Indian Reservation. How would you vary your teaching strategies?
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25. Bringing It All Together: Teaching Every Student
Know your students
Respect your students
Teach your students
See Guidelines, Woolfolk, p. 192
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Summary
Today’s Multicultural Classrooms
Social Class Differences
Ethnic & Racial Differences
Women & Men: Differences in the Classroom
Language Differences in the Classroom
Creating Culturally Compatible Classrooms
Bringing It All Together: Teaching Every Student
Copyright 2001 by Allyn and Bacon

27. Copyright 2001 by Allyn and Bacon
Review Questions
Distinguish between the “melting pot” and multiculturalism.
What is multicultural education?
What is culture?
What is SES?
What is the relationship between SES and school achievement?
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Review Questions
Distinguish between ethnicity and race.
How can ethnicity affect school performance?
Distinguish between prejudice, discrimination, and stereotype threat.
What is gender-role identity?
How do gender-role identities develop?
Are there sex differences in cognitive abilities?
Copyright 2001 by Allyn and Bacon

29. Copyright 2001 by Allyn and Bacon
Review Questions
What are the origins of language differences in the classroom?
What is bilingual education?
What are the elements of a culturally compatible classroom?
What is culturally relevant pedagogy?
How can teachers create classrooms in which all students can learn?
Copyright 2001 by Allyn and Bacon

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End Chapter 5
Copyright 2001 by Allyn and Bacon