1. rene@astro.su.se Observational Astrophysics II: May-June, 20041 Observational Astrophysics Part II: Observations (5 p) May/June 2004: Rene´ Liseau Magnus Gålfalk http://www.astro.su.se/utbildning/kurser/astro_obs2/

2. rene@astro.su.se Observational Astrophysics II: May-June, 20042 LOGISTICS Travel Arrangements: Bring your own clothes Bring the 5 laptops Meeting: after check in (see itinary) Hotel: contact Ulla Engberg Group Formation * : 2 persons per group 1 proposal per group is o.k. But 1 report per person * for ALFOSC Set-Up

3. rene@astro.su.se Observational Astrophysics II: May-June, 20043 GRPNAMEUT (Start/End) Comment 1 Jeanette, Kristoffer 2 Andrej, Milan 3 Anna, Thomas 4 Sven 5 6

4. rene@astro.su.se Observational Astrophysics II: May-June, 20044 Writings A.Observing Proposal http://www.not.iac.es/ -> Observing at NOT -> Applying for time i. Title ii. Abstract iii. Scientific Rational & Immediate Objective (ugrads use Obs Programme) iv. Justification of Requested Telescope Time & Lunar Phase v. List of Targets, inc. Standard / Calibration Sources vi. Observing Mode & Instrument Configuration vii. Finder Charts viii. Strategy for Data Reductions & Analysis (ugrads use IRAF)

5. rene@astro.su.se Observational Astrophysics II: May-June, 20045 Writings B. Final Report i. Title ii. Abstract iii. Introduction: (ugrads use Observational Programme from handouts) (a) put project into general context (b) focus on particular project iv. Observations (detailed description) v. Data Reductions (detailed description) vi. Results (results only – no discussion) vii. Discussion & Conclusions (not mandatory for ugrads) viii. References

6. rene@astro.su.se Observational Astrophysics II: May-June, 20046 HAND-OUTS 1 Itinary (detailed) 1 Goals of Course 1 Observing Programme 1 Source List 1 Magnitudes & Photometry 1 Time Definitions User Guides: 1 TCS (Telescope Control System) 1 ALFOSC 1 STANCAM 1 NOTCam 1 Filters 1 NOT-FITS 1 IRAF Example of Exp Time Calc: 1 Exam

7. rene@astro.su.se Observational Astrophysics II: May-June, 20047 PREPARING the OBSERVATIONS NOT May 27 to 29:ALFOSC (3 nights / 30 hr) long-slit spectroscopy May 30 to 31:STANCam & NOTCam (2 nights / 20 hr) BVR & JHK imaging SST June 2:Swedish Solar Telescope (1 day / 8-10 hr) [Dan Kiselman]

8. rene@astro.su.se Observational Astrophysics II: May-June, 20048 PREPARING the OBSERVATIONS Source Coordinates 1.Needs Precession? http://fuse.pha.jhu.edu/support/tool/precess.html http://fuse.pha.jhu.edu/support/tool/precess.html 2.Finder Charts [what is FOV of instrument?] 3.When observable? Time of year During the Night What UT optimum? Check the Moon http://www.eso.org/observing/support.html 1.What type of Observation? (Spectroscopy / Imaging) When & Which Calibration

9. rene@astro.su.se Observational Astrophysics II: May-June, 20049 PREPARING the OBSERVATIONS Long-Slit Spectroscopy with ALFOSC What spectral resolution ? –What wavelengths –What grisms (pixel sampling) –What filters –What slit widths (pixel sampling) What position angles ? (rotator) –Orientation & peak up / point sources (stars) ? Calibrators –Photometric Standard Stars I (Telluric Atmospheric Extinction) –Photometric Standard Stars I I (Interstellar Extinction) –Flux Calibrators –(in general: Wavelength Calibrators)

10. rene@astro.su.se Observational Astrophysics II: May-June, 200410 PREPARING the OBSERVATIONS Long-Slit Spectroscopy with ALFOSC cntd What Quantum Efficiency ? (e.g., CCD#8) http://www.not.iac.es/technical/astronomical/detectorshttp://www.not.iac.es/technical/astronomical/detectors/ What Integration Time? http://www.eso.org/observing/support.html -> Instrument Performance -> Exposure Time Calculator What Overheads ? Total Telescope Time Estimate (Requested in Proposal)

11. rene@astro.su.se Observational Astrophysics II: May-June, 200411 PREPARING the OBSERVATIONS Imaging with STANCam & NOTCam What spatial resolution ? –Pixel sampling and seeing –What Field of View Calibrators –What Filters –Photometric Standard Stars I (Telluric Atmospheric Extinction) –Photometric Standard Stars I I (Interstellar Extinction) –Flux Calibrators –Whay Sky Background (La Palma) http://www.not.iac.es/http://www.not.iac.es/ -> Observing at NOT -> Applying for time

12. rene@astro.su.se Observational Astrophysics II: May-June, 200412 Astronomical Coordinates* * Several systems in use; we focus here on two Equatorial Coordinates (`Source Coordinates´) Right Ascension: R.A. or  (h m s) [0 to 24 hr] Declination:Dec. or  o ´ ´´ ) [-90 o to +90 o ] Fundametal plane: Earth’s Equatorial Plane Zero Point: Vernal Equinox (  ) Horizontal Coordinates (`Local Coordinates´) Azimuth : Az (degrees) [0 o to 360 o ] Elevation ( or Height):El (degrees) [-90 o to +90 o ] Fundamental Plane: Local Horizontal Plane Zero Point: Northern Meridian

13. rene@astro.su.se Observational Astrophysics II: May-June, 200413 Astronomical Coordinates* * Several systems in use; we focus here on two Transformation Relations

14. rene@astro.su.se Observational Astrophysics II: May-June, 200414 Time  360 = 15. 24 or 1 hr = 15 o at the equator Siderial Time ST: (hour angle t of , Sun at equator S to N) Universal Time UT: (previously Greenwich Mean Time GMT) Julian Date JD: (zero point 4713 BC)

15. rene@astro.su.se Observational Astrophysics II: May-June, 200415