1. www.kb.se Dewey in Sweden : some experiences from the first year of the Swedish Dewey project Presentation at the International Dewey Users Meeting Gothenburg, Sweden, Friday, 13 August, 16:00-18:00 Magdalena Svanberg, National Library of Sweden Ingrid Berg, National Library of Sweden

2. www.kb.se Outline Background The Swedish Dewey translation – the mixed model Some general experiences in translating DDC Mapping Svenska ämnesord (SAO) to DDC

3. www.kb.se Background The National Library of Sweden and about 30 other research plan to abandon the Swedish classification system and switch to DDC in 2011. A switch is under discussion at most Swedish research libraries. The consequences of a switch for the public libraries is under further investigation. Interest among public libraries, but no formal decisions.

4. www.kb.se The Swedish Dewey project Goals: Translate DDC to Swedish using the mixed model Map Swedish subject headings to DDC  Update and revise the existing conversion table SAB-DDC  Develop tools for joint search and navigation of material with SAB codes and material with DDC numbers Train librarians. Started May 2009

5. www.kb.se What is the mixed model? Use DDC data in the vernacular as framework Insert English-language classes from full edition to complete hierarchies where needed In most cases, translate the tables (Tables 1-6) in full Use standard terminology for instructions in the language of each record (e.g., “Klassificera här:” / “Class here”) Provide separate indexes featuring the terminology available in each language

6. www.kb.se The Swedish mixed translation Use level of specificity found in SAB as the guide for building the vernacular framework Use the level in the English-language abridged edition in cases where no SAB equivalent Translate all classes superordinate to a class

7. www.kb.se Pros Speed the translation process up Reduce costs Difficult to translate all of DDC with little previous experience of DDC Work in progress, possible to start using the Swedish translation while the work is still going on Translations of classes deep down in the hierarchy would sometimes be of limited value. –Few works on the subject in Sweden. –No Swedish terminology 324.52Nominating by caucuses and co-optation Nominering vid caucusmöten och kooptation

8. www.kb.se Cons Sometimes difficult to decide a resonable level for the translation No exhaustive index in Swedish Classes in Swedish and English are equal, is that obvious?

9. www.kb.se Deciding the level (1) Possible disadvantages in using SAB to decide the level: Are there important classes in DDC that we will miss? Are the weaknesses of SAB brought into the Swedish translation of DDC? Some examples from section 616 with more than 50 hits in LIBRIS, the Swedish union catalogue, that will not be translated initially. 616.8521Traumatic neuroses 616.89142Behavior therapy (Behavior modification therapy) 616.89156Family psychotherapy

10. www.kb.se Deciding the level (2) Will we spend time translating not so important classes that are mapped to the DDC for completeness? Most mappings are made on the level of the least specific system, often SAB. However, some mappings are made on a more specific level, to handle differences between the systems

11. www.kb.se Deciding the level (3) Using the Abridged edition as a complement to SAB in deciding the seems to be a good method to balance the bias in SAB

12. www.kb.se Deciding the level (4) The mappings in the conversion table results in these classes being translated into Swedish: …with additions from the Abridged edition 306.8Marriage and family 306.81Marriage and marital status 306.82 Patterns in mate selection) 306.83Types of kinship systems 306.84Types of marriage and relationships 306.85Family) 306.87Intrafamily relationships 306.872Husband-wife relationship 306.874Parent-child relationship 306.875Sibling relationships 306.877 Incest 306.88Alteration of family arrangements 306.882 Widowers 306.883Widows 306.89Separation and divorce

13. www.kb.se No exhaustive index in Swedish What will happen when an index term is leading to both classes in Swedish and classes in English? Risk of classification by attraction. Swedish index entries Pingst—musik781.7293 English index entries: Pentecost 263.94 Pentecost—customs394.266 Pentecost—devotional literature242.38 Pentecost—Jewish 296.438 Pentecost—Jewish—liturgy 296.4538 Pentecost—music 781.7293 Pentecost—sermons 252.64

14. www.kb.se No exhaustive index in Swedish (2) Possible solutions: Translate every instance of an index term that has been translated to Swedish for some class Drawback: takes a lot of resources (that we tried to save) Automatic translations of the additional entries in the index, based on the translated entry for the term. The mapping SAO-DDC will sometimes help. Pingsten263.94 Merged index Switching between Swedish and English is easy. Needs to be carefully discussed

15. www.kb.se The equality of languages Classes in Swedish and classes in English are equal The switch from Swedish to English has no implications and is not intended to function as an abridgment mark. Will that be obvious to the users of the Swedish WebDewey? Swedish librarians are used to SAB that is a far less specific system, and this might influence the choice of numbers Are we in fact creating an abridgment of our own, something we wanted to avoid?

16. www.kb.se Some general experiences in translating DDC Cultural and social differences The language dependence in classification systems

17. www.kb.se Studieförbund Translation of Swedish Wikipedia article

18. www.kb.se Cultural and social differences Take Anglo-american phenomena in a broad sense that includes similar Swedish phenomena? or Put the Swedish phenomena in a more general class, keeping the class Anglo-american in scope?

19. www.kb.se Is SGF a Greek-letter society? SGF (Sundsvalls gymnasiiförbund) is a gymnasistförening, a high school fraternity 371.85Greek-letter societies or 371.83Student organizations Class here student clubs

20. www.kb.se Is this a lily?

21. www.kb.se Is this a lily? (2) Wikipedia: No Nymphaeaceae is a family of flowering plants. Members of this family are commonly called water lilies and live in freshwater areas in temperate and tropical climates around the world.flowering plantstropical climates

22. www.kb.se Is this a lily? (3) English language and DDC: Yes 584.3*Liliidae Class here Liliales, lilies See also 583.29 for water lilies.583.29 Swedish language: No, maybe it is a rose? Näckrosor - Rosor 583.734*Rosa (Rosor) Se även 583.29 för näckrosor.583.29

23. www.kb.se Is he jumping ?

24. www.kb.se Is he jumping? (2) Wikipedia: Yes Today, athletes compete in the pole vault as one of the four jumping events in track and field. Because the high jump and pole vault are both vertical jumps, the competitions are conducted similarly.jumpingtrack and fieldhigh jump

25. www.kb.se Is he jumping ? (3) English language and DDC: No 796.432Jumping Including long jump (broad jump), triple jump (hop, step, and jump), high jump For pole vaulting, see 796.434796.434 Swedish language: Yes Stavhopp - Hopp

26. www.kb.se The language dependence in classification systems “Since a see-reference has structural implications, it would not be beneficial to introduce additional ones on a per language basis” (EPC Exhibit 133-28) Reasonable rule Not always easy to separate out the references based on a specific language –Does the reference from lilies to water lilies in DDC have something to do with the lilies in water lilies? –Does the lacking reference from jumping to pole vaulting have something to do with the last element of the term being vaulting and not jumping?

27. www.kb.se Mapping Svenska ämnesord (SAO) to DDC Goal: serve as an entry vocabulary to DDC for cataloguers and end users be one of the sources for the terminology in the Swedish translation of DDC semantic interoperability between different vocabularies are important for retrieval and especially in the union catalogue LIBRIS after the switch from SAB to DDC. used behind the scene in retrieval systems to improve subject retrieval

28. www.kb.se Mapping Svenska ämnesord (SAO) to DDC (2) Mapping the most important and most commonly used subject headings of the 40 000 headings in Svenska ämnesord to DDC. Editiorial work DDC numbers in the authority records of Svenska ämnesord 065 $a Rda $2 kssb/8 083 0 4 $a 794.1 $2 22 150 $a Schack 750 0 $a Chess 794.1 Chess

29. www.kb.se Mapping Svenska ämnesord (SAO) to DDC (3) Many subject headings in SAO are mapped to Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) Many LCSH terms are mapped to DDC All subject headings have notations from the Swedish classification system (SAB). SAB is mapped to DDC Mapping is done mainly in three ways

30. www.kb.se Mapping Svenska ämnesord (SAO) to DDC (4) SAO LCSH SAB DDC SAO

31. www.kb.se SKOS mapping properties For coding of relationship between the subject heading and DDC when the relationship is not expressed in DDC. ExactMatch/CloseMatch. An exact match between class number and subject heading No coding BroadMatch: The scope of the class is broader than the scope of the subject heading. Heavily used. NarrowMatch: The scope of the class is narrower than the scope of the subject heading. Rarely used. RelatedMatch. Other type of relation between class and subject heading. Never used so far

32. www.kb.se ExcactMatch Terms in DDC found in: - captions - index - class here notes - including notes and synonyms

33. www.kb.se BroadMatch 083 $a 958.1045 $c BroadMatch $2 22 150 $a Afghanistankriget 1979-1989 751 $a Afghanistan $x History $y Soviet occupation, 1979-1989 752958.1045 Period of Democratic Republic, 1978-1992 083 $a 796.325 $c BroadMatch $2 22 150 $a Beachvolleyboll 750 $a Beach volleyball 751796.325 Volleyball

34. www.kb.se More than one number Information about the different DDC numbers when multiple numbers are added 083 $a 362.19888 $c Interdisciplinary works $2 22 083 $a 618.88 $c Medicine $2 22 083 $a 618.29 $c Nonsurgical methods—medicine $2 22 150 $a Aborter 750 $a Abortion

35. www.kb.se Name authorities Names (people, corporate bodies, titles) are also mapped to DDC 083 $a 220.5397 $2 22 130 $a Bibeln.$l Svenska $s Bibel 2000 083 $a 839.7374 $2 22 100 $a Mankell, Henning, $d 1948- 083 $a 782.421660922 $2 22 110 $a Abba (musikgrupp) Useful tool: WorldCat Identities

36. www.kb.se Experiences from the mapping SAO-DDC Not as easy as expected Limited experience of DDC Easier to map between different subject headings systems than between subject headings and classification

37. www.kb.se Useful tools Classification Web Classify BIBI emner British Library Integrated Catalogue etc. People, places and things for the choice of subject headings to map.

38. www.kb.se All controlled access points – persons, corporate bodies, subject headings, classification – are important for subject access Do we have the information retrieval tools that can handle mappings efficiently?

39. www.kb.se But what about the reindeer? Visit poster 114 Bring out the reindeer – Swedish classification goes glocal Listen to our presentation at Speaker’s corner, Swedish Library Arena Saturday, 14 August, 11:00

40. www.kb.se Thank you! Magdalena Svanberg Ingrid Berg National Library of Sweden Telephone: +46 8 463 44 45, +46 8 463 42 10 E-mail: magdalena.svanberg@kb.se, ingrid.berg@kb.semagdalena.svanberg@kb.se ingrid.berg@kb.se Website: http://www.kb.se/bibliotek/dewey/http://www.kb.se/bibliotek/dewey/