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The Exam on Monday will cover… The reign of Solomon Wisdom literature The divided kingdom Introduction to prophets Hosea, Amos, Jonah, Nahum Isaiah, Micah, Joel Matt’s review this evening – 7:00 in J112 A list of names to know has been posted on Blackboard
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Psalm 100:5 KITOVADONAI Becausegood (is) the LORD LE’OLAMH ̣ ASDO (2X) To eternity (is)His hesed VE’ADDORVE-DOR (2X) And unto generation and generation EMUNATO His faithfulness
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Prophets to the North and to Assyria Covenant Enforcement Mediators
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Review Questions Why were the prophets called “covenant enforcement mediators”? What was the rabbinic parable? What “media” did the prophets employ?
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Israel and Judah in Wider Context
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Jehu Pays Tribute to Shalmaneser III
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Jonah Historical background: II Kings 14:25 – Jeroboam and the looming presence of Assyria Purpose of the book – a comprehensive demonstration of God’s sovereignty God’s command to Jonah/Jonah’s “logical” disobedience The storm, sea, fish – and Jonah’s rescue by the fish Repentance of Nineveh and the lesson to Jonah Jesus’ reference to Jonah – “the sign of Jonah” (Matthew 12:39-41; 16:4; Luke 11:30) – location of Gath-Hepher
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The Background for Amos During reigns of Jeroboam II and Uzziah (ca. 750 BCE) A sheep herder and tender of fig trees from Tekoa Compelled to prophesy (3:2-8) Prophesied at Bethel (7:10) – echoes of “the man of God” from Judah
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Structure and Messages of Amos Oracles against Israel’s neighbors Damascus – destruction (genocide) of Gilead Philistia – selling Hebrew slaves to Edom Tyre – selling whole communities as captives to Edom Edom – pursuing brother with sword Ammon – destruction of Gilead (genocide) Moab – vengeance and hatred Judah – rejected Torah and embraced idolatry Oracles against Israel – the “day of the Lord” (5:18) Social sins Idolatry Complacency
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A Threshing Sledge
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Amos and the Future Visions – “the Lord showed me” and “I saw the Lord” Locusts Judgment by fire Plumb line Ripe fruit Amos in the New Testament (Acts 15:16- 18) – restoration of David’s fallen tent
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Hosea Historical background – time of Jeroboam II Hosea’s marriage His wife and children: Jezreel, Lo-Ruhamah, Lo-Ammi The significance of God’s command to Hosea Israel’s sins – chapter 4 begins the lawsuit Idolatry and dependence on other gods (ba’al) – spiritual adultery Breaking covenant stipulations Dependence on Assyria and Egypt God’s response – the wounded Lover
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Hosea in the New Testament “not my people” – 1:10, 2:23 in Romans 9:25-26; I Peter 2:10 “I desire mercy, not sacrifice” – 6:6 in Matt 9:13; 12:7 “out of Egypt have I called my son” – 11:1 in Matt 2:15 [terrors in the last days] – 10:8b in Luke 23:30 and Rev 6:16 “death, where is your victory?” – 13:14 in I Cor 15:55
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Nahum Historical background From Elkosh (unknown location) Sometime before the fall of Nineveh (612 BCE) and after fall of Thebes (No-Amon in 3:8) which occurred in 650 BCE Fall of Nineveh in extra-biblical sources Poetry of Nahum – short, punctuated sentences – abruptness of war situation The Message Validity of the prophecy based on the sovereignty of God Nineveh’s violent end because of atrocities and idolatry
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